【摘要】：改良土壤物理性質(zhì)是提高土壤抗侵蝕能力的主要途徑之一。通過人工模擬降雨試驗(yàn)、風(fēng)蝕試驗(yàn)和野外原位觀測試驗(yàn),研究了不同玉米秸稈汁土壤改良劑噴施方式下黃綿土抗侵蝕能力的改良效果,探討了玉米秸稈汁防治土壤侵蝕的機(jī)理。結(jié)果表明,玉米秸稈汁能有效防治黃綿土的水蝕和風(fēng)蝕。在模擬降雨條件下,噴施玉米秸稈汁的試驗(yàn)處理,黃綿土濺蝕量較對照處理降低24.7%~78.3%,黃土坡面的徑流量和片蝕量分別降低40.0%~43.3%和20.9%~34.5%;在天然降雨條件下,無論是短歷時低強(qiáng)度或長歷時低強(qiáng)度的降雨類型,還是短歷時高強(qiáng)度的降雨類型,噴施玉米秸稈汁的試驗(yàn)處理,黃土坡面的徑流量和片蝕量較對照處理明顯減少,二者的減少幅度分別介于26.3%~62.1%和58.3%~72.0%之間;在不同風(fēng)速下,玉米秸稈汁可使黃綿土的風(fēng)蝕量降低24.5%~64.6%。此外,噴施玉米秸稈汁后的靜置時間及翻耕與否對不同類型的侵蝕也有重要影響。噴施玉米秸稈汁可有效提高黃綿土的抗剪強(qiáng)度、硬度及大團(tuán)聚體的百分含量,從而降低土壤侵蝕量。施用玉米秸稈汁后,黃綿土靜水崩解量降低了97.4%~98.5%、土壤抗剪強(qiáng)度增加了97.9%~140.0%、土壤硬度增加了11.4%~127.5%;0.25 mm團(tuán)聚體降低了46.9%~51.6%;2 mm團(tuán)聚體增加了88.1%~129.7%。玉米秸稈汁是一種良好的防治坡面水蝕和風(fēng)蝕的土壤改良劑,在施用玉米秸稈汁時,應(yīng)盡量一次噴施完畢并避免人為土壤擾動。
[Abstract]:Improving soil physical properties is one of the main ways to improve soil erosion resistance. Through artificial simulated rainfall test, wind erosion test and field in situ observation test, the improvement effect of loess soil erosion resistance under different spraying methods of corn straw juice soil improver was studied, and the mechanism of corn straw juice control soil erosion was discussed. The results showed that corn straw juice could effectively control the water erosion and wind erosion of loess soil. Under the condition of simulated rainfall, the splash erosion of loess decreased by 24.7% 鈮，

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