發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-07 07:40

【摘要】：江淮地區(qū)受梅雨影響,玉米苗期易發(fā)生漬害,如何通過合理運(yùn)籌氮肥達(dá)到減災(zāi)效果值得研究。以夏玉米品種‘隆平206’為試驗(yàn)材料,研究不同氮肥運(yùn)籌方式[氮肥全部基施(N1)、基肥70%+拔節(jié)肥30%(N2)、基肥50%+拔節(jié)肥50%(N3)和基肥30%+拔節(jié)肥50%+大喇叭口肥20%(N4)]對(duì)苗期受漬夏玉米根系形態(tài)和花后光合性能恢復(fù)的影響,以期為苗期受漬夏玉米合理施肥提供理論依據(jù)。結(jié)果表明,苗期漬水7 d抑制根系生長,根重、根長度、根表面積和根直徑均顯著降低,漬水對(duì)根系形態(tài)指標(biāo)抑制效應(yīng)表現(xiàn)為:根長度根表面積根直徑。氮肥后移對(duì)漬水后根系生長有顯著的補(bǔ)償效應(yīng),氮肥后移量增加,根重、根長度和根表面積顯著增加。漬水脅迫解除后18 d,N1-N4處理根長度較漬水前提高1.9~5.1倍,根表面積提高6.3~10.3倍,根直徑提高0.7~1.0倍,氮肥后移對(duì)根系形態(tài)指標(biāo)補(bǔ)償生長效應(yīng)強(qiáng)弱表現(xiàn)為:根表面積根長度根直徑。漬水使群體葉面積系數(shù)降低9.3%~22.5%,氮肥后移可提高群體葉面積系數(shù),較全部基施處理提高3.2%~20.7%。苗期漬水7 d顯著降低灌漿期間穗位葉片的光合能力,凈光合速率下降,灌漿中期和末期凈光合速率分別下降16.1%和28.9%,灌漿后期光合能力下降幅度高于對(duì)照,非氣孔限制是導(dǎo)致漬水脅迫下凈光合速率下降的主要原因。漬水脅迫下,氮肥后移處理改善了穗位葉光合性能,光合能力優(yōu)于氮肥前移處理。在苗期易導(dǎo)致漬害的地區(qū)適當(dāng)減少基肥比例,后移氮素至拔節(jié)期和大喇叭口期,能夠?qū)κ軡n夏玉米起到較好的補(bǔ)償生長效應(yīng)。
[Abstract]:Under the influence of plum rain in Jianghuai region, waterlogging is easy to occur in maize seedling stage. It is worth studying how to use nitrogen fertilizer reasonably to achieve disaster reduction effect. Summer maize variety 'Longping 206' was used as experimental material to study different nitrogen application methods [N 1, 70% jointing fertilizer 30% (N 2), N 1, N 2]. The effects of 50% jointing fertilizer (N3) and 30% jointing fertilizer (N3) on root morphology and photosynthetic performance recovery of waterlogged summer maize at seedling stage were affected by 20% (N4) fertilizer (N4), 50% jointing fertilizer (N3) and 30% jointing fertilizer (N3), respectively. It is expected to provide theoretical basis for rational fertilization of waterlogged summer maize at seedling stage. The results showed that the root growth, root weight, root length, root surface area and root diameter were significantly decreased at 7 days after waterlogging, and the root length root surface area root diameter was inhibited by waterlogging. The post-migration of nitrogen fertilizer had a significant compensation effect on root growth after waterlogging. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer migration increased, the root weight, root length and root surface area increased significantly. The root length, the root surface area and the root diameter of N _ 1 / N _ 4 treatment were increased by 1.9 times, 6.3 and 1.0 times, respectively, 18 days after the water stress was relieved, and the root length, the root surface area and the diameter of roots were increased by 1.9 times, 6.3 and 1.0 times, respectively. The compensatory growth effect of nitrogen fertilizer on root morphology index was as follows: root surface area root length root diameter. Waterlogging reduced the population leaf area coefficient by 9.3% / 22.5%, and nitrogen fertilizer migration increased the population leaf area coefficient by 3.2% / 20.7% compared with all basal treatments. The net photosynthetic rate decreased by 16.1% and 28.9% at the middle and late stage of grain filling, respectively. The photosynthetic capacity decreased by 16.1% and 28.9% at the late filling stage, respectively, and the net photosynthetic rate decreased by 16.1% and 28.9% respectively at the late filling stage, which was higher than that at the late filling stage. Non-stomatal restriction was the main reason for the decrease of net photosynthetic rate under waterlogging stress. Under waterlogging stress, the photosynthetic performance of ear-position leaves was improved by N-fertilizer backward migration, and the photosynthetic capacity was better than that of N-fertilizer forward-shifting treatment. In areas where waterlogging is easy to cause in seedling stage, proper reduction of basal fertilizer ratio, later nitrogen transfer to jointing stage and big horn stage can play a better compensatory growth effect on summer maize affected by waterlogging.
【作者單位】： 安徽省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院煙草研究所/玉米研究中心;
【基金】：安徽省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院學(xué)科建設(shè)基金項(xiàng)目(16A0927,15A0926)資助~~
【分類號(hào)】：S422;S513
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本文編號(hào)：2470885