發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-06 16:04

【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程的不斷加快,大量耕地遭到破壞,急需采取相應(yīng)措施進(jìn)行保護(hù)。而高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)基本農(nóng)田建設(shè)是保護(hù)耕地、實(shí)現(xiàn)增值增收、保障國(guó)家糧食安全的關(guān)鍵。但在傳統(tǒng)的建設(shè)過程中只重視土地條件,忽略立地條件,導(dǎo)致劃定結(jié)果不符合實(shí)際,出現(xiàn)整治成本高或進(jìn)行整治后不能達(dá)到建設(shè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等問題。因此,科學(xué)劃定高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)基本農(nóng)田建設(shè)區(qū)域、建設(shè)時(shí)序和確定建設(shè)模式是進(jìn)行合理建設(shè)的重要保障。本文從高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)基本農(nóng)田建設(shè)內(nèi)涵、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和功能特性出發(fā),以貴州省高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)基本農(nóng)田建設(shè)示范縣(區(qū))之一的三穗縣為例,對(duì)貴州縣域尺度高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)基本農(nóng)田建設(shè)時(shí)序與模式進(jìn)行研究。(1)以基本農(nóng)田為基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù),采用地塊法,通過處理,確定13027個(gè)評(píng)價(jià)單元。從土地條件(土壤條件、地形條件、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)和立地條件(區(qū)位條件、空間形態(tài))兩個(gè)方面選取15個(gè)因子構(gòu)建評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系,制定評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)分級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),采用特爾斐法和均方差決策法確定指標(biāo)權(quán)重,結(jié)合空間分析和因素組合法確定高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)基本農(nóng)田建設(shè)時(shí)序和模式。(2)結(jié)合美國(guó)LESA(Land Evaluation and Site Assessment)體系,從基于促進(jìn)糧食生產(chǎn)能力角度,確定評(píng)價(jià)體系中LE和SA的權(quán)重比例,即3:2,分別對(duì)土地條件和立地條件進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),再進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)價(jià)。利用等間距法將綜合評(píng)價(jià)分值結(jié)果劃分為五個(gè)等級(jí),即55分、55-65分、65-75分、75-85分、≥85分。(3)按照“先易后難、分類實(shí)施”的原則,運(yùn)用空間分析和綜合排序法,將三穗縣高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)基本農(nóng)田建設(shè)時(shí)序劃分為“近期建設(shè)(優(yōu)先整治區(qū))、中期建設(shè)(備選整治區(qū))、遠(yuǎn)期建設(shè)(有條件整治區(qū))”,對(duì)應(yīng)的建設(shè)條件劃分為“基本具備、稍加改造、全面整治”;建設(shè)規(guī)模分別為5206.08hm~2、3251.57hm~2、7716.15hm~2。建設(shè)規(guī)模最大的為遠(yuǎn)期建設(shè),需要進(jìn)行全面整治,主要集中在縣域北部和南部,近期建設(shè)區(qū)主要集中在縣域中部,中期建設(shè)區(qū)主要集中在八弓鎮(zhèn)、臺(tái)烈鎮(zhèn)和長(zhǎng)吉鄉(xiāng)。(4)根據(jù)基本農(nóng)田基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和施工條件,運(yùn)用因素組合法,將三穗縣高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)基本農(nóng)田建設(shè)模式劃分為三種類型:以田間道路和農(nóng)田防護(hù)林為主的建設(shè)模式I、以灌排條件為主的建設(shè)模式II和以土地平整為主的建設(shè)模式III;建設(shè)規(guī)模分別為2019.37hm~2、7236.52hm~2、6917.91hm~2。模式II的建設(shè)面積最大,主要集中在縣域北部和中部,模式III主要集中在縣域北部和南部,模式I主要集中在縣域中部。最后,提出完善貴州縣域尺度高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)基本農(nóng)田建設(shè)的對(duì)策和建議。
[Abstract]:With the industrialization and urbanization of our country, a large amount of cultivated land has been destroyed, so it is urgent to take corresponding measures to protect it. The construction of high standard basic farmland is the key to protect cultivated land, realize the increment and increase the income, and guarantee the national food security. But in the traditional construction process, only attach importance to the land conditions, ignore the site conditions, resulting in the delineation results are not in line with the reality, such as the high cost of renovation or can not meet the construction standards after the renovation and so on. Therefore, scientific delineation of high-standard basic farmland construction area, construction sequence and determination of construction mode is the important guarantee for rational construction. Based on the connotation, standard and functional characteristics of high standard basic farmland construction, this paper takes Sansui County, one of the demonstration counties (districts) of high standard basic farmland construction in Guizhou Province as an example. The time series and model of high standard basic farmland construction in Guizhou are studied. (1) based on the basic farmland data, 13027 evaluation units are determined by land block method. From two aspects: land condition (soil condition, terrain condition, infrastructure condition) and site condition (location condition, space form), 15 factors are selected to construct the evaluation index system, and the grading standard of evaluation index is established. The index weight is determined by Tefe method and mean square error decision method, and the time series and mode of high standard basic farmland construction are determined by spatial analysis and factor combination method. (2) combined with American LESA (Land Evaluation and Site Assessment) system, From the point of view of promoting grain production capacity, the weight ratio of LE and SA in the evaluation system, that is, 3 鈮，

本文編號(hào)：2470300