施用腐殖酸對土壤一維入滲和蒸發(fā)的影響試驗研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-05-06 13:22
【摘要】：腐殖酸是一種高分子有機(jī)物,用于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)可改良土壤,還具有節(jié)水、省肥、增產(chǎn)和環(huán)保等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。文章通過室內(nèi)試驗研究、結(jié)合數(shù)值計算和理論分析的方法,開展施用腐殖酸對土壤入滲和蒸發(fā)影響的試驗研究,對發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)節(jié)水和水肥高效利用具有重要意義。本文主要研究結(jié)論如下:(1)為了研究腐殖酸溶液的入滲特性,采用正交設(shè)計方法安排了 16組正交試驗方案,開展了腐殖酸溶液一維垂直入滲試驗。用Phillip模型擬合了累積入滲量與入滲時間的關(guān)系,相關(guān)性較好。穩(wěn)滲階段的腐殖酸溶液的入滲速率及濕潤鋒運(yùn)移速率均小于清水入滲試驗。分別建立了累積入滲量和濕潤鋒的多因素計算模型,經(jīng)驗證該模型相關(guān)性較好。腐殖酸溶液濃度、土壤容重和土壤初始含水率對累積入滲量和濕潤鋒運(yùn)移距離的影響依次減弱,且均呈負(fù)相關(guān)。分析了不同腐殖酸溶液的減滲效應(yīng),發(fā)現(xiàn)累積入滲量的減滲率和濕潤鋒的減少率均與腐殖酸溶液濃度之間呈正相關(guān)。入滲結(jié)束后,土壤水分分布表明:腐殖酸溶液入滲方案入滲結(jié)束后的土壤含水率低于清水入滲試驗。(2)為了研究表施腐殖酸條件下的清水入滲特性,采用均勻設(shè)計方法安排了 12組試驗方案,開展了表施腐殖酸條件下清水一維垂直入滲試驗。發(fā)現(xiàn)對累積入滲量的實測值采用Phillip模型擬合效果較理想。穩(wěn)滲階段,表施腐殖酸各方案的入滲速率和濕潤鋒運(yùn)移速率均小于未表施腐殖酸的對照試驗方案。分別建立了累積入滲量和濕潤鋒的多因素計算模型,經(jīng)驗證該模型相關(guān)性較好。分析表明:土壤初始含水率對累積入滲量和濕潤鋒運(yùn)移距離影響程度大于表施腐殖酸用量,均呈負(fù)相關(guān)。通過表施腐殖酸用量的減滲效應(yīng)發(fā)現(xiàn):累積入滲量的減滲率和濕潤鋒的減少率均與表施腐殖酸用量呈正相關(guān)。入滲結(jié)束后,土壤含水率隨表施腐殖酸用量的增加而減小。(3)為了研究持續(xù)高溫和晝夜交替狀況下的裸地土壤水分蒸發(fā)特性,開展了表施腐殖酸條件下室內(nèi)蒸發(fā)試驗,探究了腐殖酸對土壤水分蒸發(fā)過程的影響。為加速蒸發(fā)采用紅外燈作為熱源,建立了紅外燈光連續(xù)照射方式下和間斷照射下的累積蒸發(fā)量模型,發(fā)現(xiàn)紅外燈光連續(xù)照射方式下累積蒸發(fā)量呈遞增的趨勢,而紅外燈間斷方式下累積蒸發(fā)量呈波形遞增的趨勢。通過對累積蒸發(fā)量減少率的分析發(fā)現(xiàn)：土壤初始含水率相同時,累積蒸發(fā)量減少率隨表施腐殖酸用量增加而增大;表施腐殖酸用量相同時,累積蒸發(fā)量減少率隨土壤初始含水率的增加而減小。蒸發(fā)結(jié)束后,表施腐殖酸的方案的土壤含水率高于未表施腐殖酸的對照方案;間斷照射下的土壤含水率大于連續(xù)照射下的土壤含水率。
[Abstract]:Humic acid is a kind of macromolecule organic matter, which can be used in agricultural production to improve soil. It also has the advantages of water saving, fertilizer saving, increasing production and environmental protection. In this paper, the effects of humic acid application on soil infiltration and evaporation are studied by laboratory experiments, combined with numerical calculation and theoretical analysis, which is of great significance for the development of agricultural water-saving and efficient utilization of water and fertilizer. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) in order to study the infiltration characteristics of humic acid solution, the orthogonal design method was used to arrange 16 orthogonal design schemes, and the one-dimensional vertical infiltration test of humic acid solution was carried out. Phillip model was used to fit the relationship between cumulative infiltration amount and infiltration time, and the correlation was good. The infiltration rate and wetting front migration rate of humic acid solution in steady infiltration stage are lower than that in clear water infiltration test. The multi-factor calculation models of cumulative infiltration and wetting front are established respectively, and the model is proved to have a good correlation. The effects of humic acid solution concentration, soil bulk density and initial soil moisture content on cumulative infiltration and wetting front migration distance were weakened in turn, and all of them were negatively correlated with the concentration of humic acid solution, soil bulk density and initial soil moisture content. The effects of different humic acid solutions on the impermeability were analyzed. It was found that both the reduction rate of cumulative infiltration and the decrease of wetting front were positively correlated with the concentration of humic acid solution. After infiltration, the distribution of soil moisture showed that the soil moisture content of humic acid solution infiltration scheme was lower than that of water infiltration test. (2) in order to study the infiltration characteristics of fresh water under the condition of surface humic acid application, the results showed that the soil moisture content of humic acid solution infiltration scheme was lower than that of water infiltration test. The uniform design method was used to arrange 12 groups of test schemes, and the one-dimensional vertical infiltration test of clean water was carried out under the condition of surface humic acid. It is found that the Phillip model is more effective in fitting the measured values of cumulative infiltration. In the stable infiltration stage, the infiltration rate and the wetting front migration rate of the humic acid application schemes were lower than those of the non-surface humic acid control scheme. The multi-factor calculation models of cumulative infiltration and wetting front are established respectively, and the model is proved to have a good correlation. The results showed that the effect of initial soil moisture content on cumulative infiltration and wetted front migration distance was higher than that of surface humic acid application, which showed a negative correlation between soil initial moisture content and accumulated infiltration and wetting front migration distance. Through the effect of surface application of humic acid, it was found that both the rate of cumulative infiltration and the decrease of wetting front were positively correlated with the amount of humic acid applied on the surface. At the end of infiltration, soil moisture content decreased with the increase of surface humic acid application. (3) in order to study the evaporation characteristics of bare soil water under continuous high temperature and day-night alternation, laboratory evaporation experiments were carried out under the condition of surface humic acid application. The effect of humic acid on the evaporation process of soil water was studied. In order to accelerate evaporation, infrared lamp is used as the heat source, and the model of cumulative evaporation under continuous irradiation mode and intermittent irradiation mode of infrared light is established. It is found that the cumulative evaporation amount of infrared light is increasing gradually under continuous irradiation mode of infrared light. On the other hand, the cumulative evaporation showed the trend of increasing waveform under the intermittent mode of infrared lamp. Through the analysis of the decrease rate of cumulative evaporation, it was found that the decrease rate of cumulative evaporation increased with the application of humic acid at the same time of initial soil water content. When the application of humic acid was the same, the cumulative evaporation rate decreased with the increase of initial soil moisture content. At the end of evaporation, the soil moisture content of the surface humic acid application scheme was higher than that of the non-surface humic acid application scheme, and the soil moisture content of intermittent irradiation was higher than that of continuous irradiation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S152.7
本文編號：2470211
[Abstract]:Humic acid is a kind of macromolecule organic matter, which can be used in agricultural production to improve soil. It also has the advantages of water saving, fertilizer saving, increasing production and environmental protection. In this paper, the effects of humic acid application on soil infiltration and evaporation are studied by laboratory experiments, combined with numerical calculation and theoretical analysis, which is of great significance for the development of agricultural water-saving and efficient utilization of water and fertilizer. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) in order to study the infiltration characteristics of humic acid solution, the orthogonal design method was used to arrange 16 orthogonal design schemes, and the one-dimensional vertical infiltration test of humic acid solution was carried out. Phillip model was used to fit the relationship between cumulative infiltration amount and infiltration time, and the correlation was good. The infiltration rate and wetting front migration rate of humic acid solution in steady infiltration stage are lower than that in clear water infiltration test. The multi-factor calculation models of cumulative infiltration and wetting front are established respectively, and the model is proved to have a good correlation. The effects of humic acid solution concentration, soil bulk density and initial soil moisture content on cumulative infiltration and wetting front migration distance were weakened in turn, and all of them were negatively correlated with the concentration of humic acid solution, soil bulk density and initial soil moisture content. The effects of different humic acid solutions on the impermeability were analyzed. It was found that both the reduction rate of cumulative infiltration and the decrease of wetting front were positively correlated with the concentration of humic acid solution. After infiltration, the distribution of soil moisture showed that the soil moisture content of humic acid solution infiltration scheme was lower than that of water infiltration test. (2) in order to study the infiltration characteristics of fresh water under the condition of surface humic acid application, the results showed that the soil moisture content of humic acid solution infiltration scheme was lower than that of water infiltration test. The uniform design method was used to arrange 12 groups of test schemes, and the one-dimensional vertical infiltration test of clean water was carried out under the condition of surface humic acid. It is found that the Phillip model is more effective in fitting the measured values of cumulative infiltration. In the stable infiltration stage, the infiltration rate and the wetting front migration rate of the humic acid application schemes were lower than those of the non-surface humic acid control scheme. The multi-factor calculation models of cumulative infiltration and wetting front are established respectively, and the model is proved to have a good correlation. The results showed that the effect of initial soil moisture content on cumulative infiltration and wetted front migration distance was higher than that of surface humic acid application, which showed a negative correlation between soil initial moisture content and accumulated infiltration and wetting front migration distance. Through the effect of surface application of humic acid, it was found that both the rate of cumulative infiltration and the decrease of wetting front were positively correlated with the amount of humic acid applied on the surface. At the end of infiltration, soil moisture content decreased with the increase of surface humic acid application. (3) in order to study the evaporation characteristics of bare soil water under continuous high temperature and day-night alternation, laboratory evaporation experiments were carried out under the condition of surface humic acid application. The effect of humic acid on the evaporation process of soil water was studied. In order to accelerate evaporation, infrared lamp is used as the heat source, and the model of cumulative evaporation under continuous irradiation mode and intermittent irradiation mode of infrared light is established. It is found that the cumulative evaporation amount of infrared light is increasing gradually under continuous irradiation mode of infrared light. On the other hand, the cumulative evaporation showed the trend of increasing waveform under the intermittent mode of infrared lamp. Through the analysis of the decrease rate of cumulative evaporation, it was found that the decrease rate of cumulative evaporation increased with the application of humic acid at the same time of initial soil water content. When the application of humic acid was the same, the cumulative evaporation rate decreased with the increase of initial soil moisture content. At the end of evaporation, the soil moisture content of the surface humic acid application scheme was higher than that of the non-surface humic acid application scheme, and the soil moisture content of intermittent irradiation was higher than that of continuous irradiation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S152.7
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