【摘要】：采用大田試驗(yàn),設(shè)置壟作覆膜(A1B1)、平作覆膜(A1B2)、壟作不覆膜(A2B1)、平作不覆膜(A2B2)4個(gè)處理,研究壟作與覆膜對(duì)川中丘區(qū)春玉米田土壤物理性狀和產(chǎn)量的影響。結(jié)果表明:地膜覆蓋顯著提高了丘陵旱地玉米生育前期耕層土壤水分和溫度;壟作栽培顯著降低耕層土壤容重,增大土壤總孔隙度和毛管孔隙度;壟作與覆膜措施相結(jié)合可有效改善土壤水熱狀況和物理結(jié)構(gòu)。從玉米穗部性狀和產(chǎn)量看,覆膜顯著提高玉米穗長(zhǎng)、穗粗、穗粒數(shù)、百粒重,降低禿尖長(zhǎng),產(chǎn)量較不覆膜處理平均增加20.2%。壟作對(duì)玉米穗部性狀和產(chǎn)量的影響因覆膜與否而異。覆膜下,壟作較平作顯著提高了穗粒數(shù),降低了禿尖長(zhǎng),產(chǎn)量較平作增加7.7%;不覆膜下,壟作則顯著降低穗粒數(shù)、百粒重,產(chǎn)量較平作降低12.6%。相關(guān)分析表明玉米產(chǎn)量與生育前期土壤溫度和土壤含水量呈顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系。壟作覆膜通過(guò)提高玉米生育前期土壤溫度和含水量,改善了耕層土壤物理性狀,最終提高了玉米產(chǎn)量。
[Abstract]:The effects of ridge planting and mulching on soil physical properties and yield of spring maize field in central Sichuan were studied by field experiment. Four treatments including ridge mulching (A1B1), flat mulching (A1B2), ridge mulching (A2B1) and flat mulching (A2B2) were used to study the effects of ridge planting and mulching on soil physical properties and yield of spring maize field in the middle of Sichuan Province. The results showed that plastic film mulching significantly increased soil moisture and temperature in the early growing stage of maize in hilly dry land, decreased soil bulk density and increased soil total porosity and capillary porosity in ridge cultivation. The combination of ridge planting and film mulching can effectively improve the water and heat condition and physical structure of soil. In terms of ear characters and yield, film mulching significantly increased ear length, ear diameter, grain number per ear, 100-kernel weight and reduced baldness tip length, and increased yield by 20.2% on average compared with non-plastic film mulching treatment. The effects of ridge planting on ear characters and yield of maize varied with or without plastic film mulching. Under plastic film mulch, ridge planting significantly increased the number of grains per ear, decreased the length of bald tip and increased the yield by 7.7% compared with that of normal cropping, while under non-mulching, ridge cropping significantly decreased the number of grains per spike and the weight of 100 seeds, and the yield decreased by 12.6% compared with that of normal cropping. Correlation analysis showed that maize yield had a significant positive correlation with soil temperature and soil water content in the early growth stage. Ridge mulching increased soil temperature and water content in the early growth stage of maize, improved soil physical properties of ploughing layer, and finally increased maize yield.
【作者單位】： 四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)農(nóng)學(xué)院/農(nóng)業(yè)部西南作物生理生態(tài)與耕作重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(31301282) 國(guó)家科技支撐計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2012BAD04B13) 四川省科技支撐計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2014NZ0040)
【分類號(hào)】：S152;S513

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