【摘要】：氨揮發(fā)是肥料氮素?fù)p失的重要途徑之一,由于土壤類型、氣候條件、肥料種類、用量和施用時(shí)間等因素不同而存在很大差異。試驗(yàn)采用間歇式密閉室通氣法,對(duì)華北平原不同施肥處理(新鮮牛糞與尿素配施、堆腐牛糞與尿素配施和NPK單施)下,冬小麥生長(zhǎng)季粘質(zhì)潮土氨揮發(fā)及其影響因素進(jìn)行了研究。結(jié)果表明:冬小麥季土壤氨揮發(fā)總量占肥料氮用量的1.23%~1.97%,主要來源于追肥,占整個(gè)小麥生長(zhǎng)季氨揮發(fā)總量的80%左右。不同施肥處理強(qiáng)烈影響氨揮發(fā)強(qiáng)度,新鮮牛糞與尿素配施處理氨揮發(fā)損失量最高,氮素?fù)p失率為1.97%,顯著高于堆腐牛糞與尿素配施和NPK單施�；势诎睋]發(fā)速率與氣溫密切相關(guān),追肥期土壤含水量和NH~+_4-N濃度是影響氨揮發(fā)的主控因子。
[Abstract]:Ammonia volatilization is one of the important ways of nitrogen loss of fertilizer. There are great differences due to different soil types, climatic conditions, types of fertilizers, amount of fertilizer and time of application. In this experiment, the ammonia volatilization and its influencing factors in sticky damp soil in winter wheat growing season were studied under different fertilization treatments (fresh cow manure and urea, heap rot cow manure and urea and single application of NPK) in winter wheat growing season with intermittent closed chamber ventilation. The results showed that the total amount of ammonia volatilization in winter wheat season was 1.23% ~ 1.97% of fertilizer nitrogen, which mainly came from topdressing and accounted for about 80% of the total ammonia volatilization in the whole wheat growing season. The ammonia volatilization intensity was strongly affected by different fertilization treatments. The ammonia volatilization loss of fresh cow dung and urea was the highest, and the nitrogen loss rate was 1.97%, which was significantly higher than that of compost cow manure combined with urea and single application of NPK. Ammonia volatilization rate in basal fertilizer stage was closely related to air temperature. Soil water content and NH~ _ 4 N concentration in topdressing stage were the main controlling factors affecting ammonia volatilization.
【作者單位】： 土壤與農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室(中國(guó)科學(xué)院南京土壤研究所);中國(guó)科學(xué)院大學(xué);恒天然(北京)牧場(chǎng)管理咨詢有限公司;Land
【基金】：新西蘭恒天然-中國(guó)科學(xué)院國(guó)際合作項(xiàng)目International Collaborative Research on Dairy Farm Waste application to land supported by Fonterra(Beijing)Farm Management Consulting Co.Ltd
【分類號(hào)】：S153

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