【摘要】：城市化進(jìn)程的加快,不但導(dǎo)致耕地資源的大量減少,也使脆弱的城市生態(tài)愈加惡化,土地格局重新分配,探索低碳城市生活方式和新型食物生產(chǎn)方式已迫在眉睫。屋頂農(nóng)業(yè)是城市空間農(nóng)業(yè)的重要組成部分,在補(bǔ)償土地資源、改善局域生態(tài)等方面發(fā)揮著巨大作用。但作為一種新型農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式,其在全球范圍內(nèi)尚處于理論探索階段,缺乏系統(tǒng)研究。本文將屋頂農(nóng)業(yè)系統(tǒng)功能細(xì)化為生產(chǎn)、生活、生態(tài)三大屬性,按照種植方式、灌溉方式等劃分為不同類型,并選取中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院屋頂農(nóng)場作為主要研究對象,分別對屋頂農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)、生活、生態(tài)功能進(jìn)行分析評價,對“三生”功能的屬性、比例以及未來發(fā)展方向進(jìn)行初步探索,主要結(jié)論如下:(1)生產(chǎn)方面:北方屋頂農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量不及大田。通過對2014年全年屋頂農(nóng)業(yè)的換茬和采收,統(tǒng)計年總產(chǎn)量為1.58kg/m2,約為當(dāng)?shù)爻Ｒ?guī)農(nóng)業(yè)平均畝產(chǎn)量的48.7%,通過CO2排放強(qiáng)度折合減排CO2為14.71kg/m2,經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)值51.50元/m2。(2)生活方面:采用人體熱舒適度法評價結(jié)果表明,種植屋頂全天達(dá)到舒適以上水平的出現(xiàn)頻率為33.3%,時間分布與人群活動時間契合度較高;相對而言,裸屋頂全天舒適以上水平的出現(xiàn)頻率遠(yuǎn)低于種植屋頂,僅為5.6%,基本不具備生活功能。另外,屋頂農(nóng)業(yè)的存在可以使夏季室內(nèi)平均降溫2.7℃左右,減少空調(diào)冷負(fù)荷169.32k Wh/m2以上,折合CO2減排量達(dá)105.0kg/m2。(3)生態(tài)方面:主要以植物碳匯量、滯塵等碳匯數(shù)據(jù)以及減少的食物里程和休閑里程作為量化指標(biāo)并分別計算。其中,年植物碳匯量分別為108.27 g/m2、30.58 g/m2,折合固定CO2量0.51kg/m2;由屋頂產(chǎn)出可減少的食物里程約0.19kg/m2,折合CO2減排量為8.45×10-2kg/m2,僅占生態(tài)功能總價值的2.1%;屋頂農(nóng)業(yè)每年可為206戶家庭提供休閑采摘服務(wù),由此減少休閑里程排放的CO2平均每年3669.50kg,約為生態(tài)功能屬性構(gòu)成比的74.67%。系統(tǒng)生態(tài)功能CO2減排量約為40.95kg/m2。在理想情況下,北方屋頂農(nóng)場的年產(chǎn)量在2.92kg/m2左右,生產(chǎn)、生態(tài)、生活三種屬性在系統(tǒng)中的收益比例分別為19.95%、47.02%、33.03%,間接固碳價值遠(yuǎn)大于農(nóng)產(chǎn)品直接產(chǎn)出價值,系統(tǒng)生態(tài)功能收益最高,生活功能次之。受當(dāng)年局域?yàn)?zāi)害和養(yǎng)護(hù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足等原因,實(shí)驗(yàn)地屋頂農(nóng)業(yè)全年產(chǎn)量僅為1.58kg/m2,上述三種屬性比為14.30%、39.79%、45.91%,生態(tài)功能與農(nóng)場產(chǎn)量成正相關(guān),生態(tài)功能略低于生活功能,間接證明了屋頂農(nóng)業(yè)在城市環(huán)境系統(tǒng)中的合理性與必要性。
[Abstract]:The acceleration of urbanization not only leads to a large reduction of cultivated land resources, but also aggravates the fragile urban ecology. The redistribution of land pattern and the exploration of low-carbon urban life style and new food production mode are imminent. Roof agriculture is an important part of urban spatial agriculture, which plays an important role in compensating land resources and improving local ecology. However, as a new mode of agricultural production, it is still in the stage of theoretical exploration and lack of systematic research. In this paper, the function of roof agriculture system is divided into three attributes: production, life and ecology, and it is divided into different types according to planting mode and irrigation method, and the roof farm of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences is chosen as the main research object. The function of roof agriculture, life and ecology are analyzed and evaluated respectively, and the attribute, proportion and future development direction of the function of "Sansheng" are preliminarily explored. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) production: the northern roof agricultural output is not as good as the field. Through the replacement and harvesting of roof agriculture for the whole of 2014, the total annual output is calculated to be 1.58kg / m2, about 48.7% of the average yield per mu of local conventional agriculture, and the emission reduction of CO2 through CO2 emission intensity is 14.71kg / m2. The economic output value was 51.50 yuan / m2. (2) Life aspect: the result of human body thermal comfort evaluation showed that the frequency of planting roof reached above comfort level was 33.3%, and the time distribution was in good agreement with the time of crowd activity; Relatively speaking, bare roof above the level of comfort throughout the day appears far less than the planting roof, only 5.6%, basically do not have the function of life. In addition, the existence of roof agriculture can reduce the average indoor temperature by about 2.7 鈩，

本文編號：2452329