【摘要】：黃土丘陵區(qū)自實(shí)施退耕還林工程以來土地利用方式發(fā)生了很大的變化。黃土丘陵區(qū)不但土地利用方式多樣,地形和土壤質(zhì)地也有很大的差異。土地利用變化是驅(qū)動(dòng)土壤有機(jī)碳,全氮,全磷改變的主要因素。然而,截至目前,土壤有機(jī)碳,全氮,全磷隨土地利用的變化還沒被完全闡明,尤其是深層土壤(100 cm)。因此,我們在黃土丘陵區(qū)園則溝小流域研究了坡面上不同土地利用類型(農(nóng)地,棗林,7年撂荒草地,30年撂荒草地)0-100cm土層土壤有機(jī)碳,全氮,全磷的變化。量化了深層土壤有機(jī)碳、全氮和全磷對整個(gè)土壤剖面的貢獻(xiàn)量。此外在淺層土壤(0-100cm)我們還分析了土壤質(zhì)地(粘粒、粉粒和沙粒)和地形因素(海拔、坡度和坡向)對土壤有機(jī)碳,全氮以及全磷的影響。對比分析了坡面和溝道土壤有機(jī)碳和全氮、全磷的差異。本實(shí)驗(yàn)所得主要研究結(jié)論如下:(1)在整個(gè)小流域內(nèi)淺層0-100cm土壤粘粒大約為14%,粉粒大約為70%,沙粒大約為16%。0-100cm土壤剖面上沙粒,粉粒,粘粒含量在30年撂荒草地上變化較大,其他土地利用類型變化較小。農(nóng)地,棗林,30年撂荒草地,7年撂荒草地和溝道土壤水分隨著土壤深度的增加而增加。30年撂荒草地,棗林,7年撂荒草地,農(nóng)地,溝道土壤含水量均值分別是10.29%,11.66%,10.08%,11.43%,11.34%。0-20,20-40,40-60,60-80,80-100cm土層土壤的平均容重分別為1.26,1.29,1.31,1.35,1.34 g cm-3,表層0-40cm平均土壤容重較小。(2)在淺層剖面(0-100cm)上土地利用類型顯著影響表層0-20cm土壤有機(jī)碳含量和儲(chǔ)量的分布,而20-100cm則不顯著。30年撂荒草地土壤有機(jī)碳含量顯著高于(P0.05)7年撂荒草地和農(nóng)地。Pearson相關(guān)分析表明土壤質(zhì)地分?jǐn)?shù)和全氮與土壤有機(jī)碳含量呈顯著或極顯著相關(guān)關(guān)系(P0.05或0.01),而與地形因素則呈現(xiàn)較弱的相關(guān)關(guān)系。方差分析表明在0-40cm土層坡面與溝道土壤有機(jī)碳含量沒有顯著差異,但是在40cm土層下,坡面與溝道的土壤有機(jī)碳含量有顯著差異性。在深層剖面(0-1800cm),土壤有機(jī)碳含量和儲(chǔ)量隨著土層深度的增加而減少,但深層土壤卻有著較高的土壤有機(jī)碳封存量。在4種土地類型上,農(nóng)地,7年撂荒草地,30年撂荒草地和棗林土壤有機(jī)碳在100-1800cm的積累量分別是淺層100cm的90.6,91.6,87.5,和88.6%。(3)在淺層剖面(0-60cm)上土地利用類型顯著影響表層0-20cm土壤全氮含量,20-60cm則不顯著。而全磷含量在整個(gè)0-60cm土層都沒有顯著性差異。在0-60cm土層土壤全氮含量沿土壤剖面呈減少趨勢,而全磷隨土層深度的增加則無明顯規(guī)律性。與土壤有機(jī)碳相同的是土壤全氮、全磷與土壤質(zhì)地(粘粒,粉粒和沙粒)呈顯著性關(guān)系,與地形條件(坡向,坡位和海拔)有較弱相關(guān)性。方差分析表明在0-60cm土壤剖面上,坡面與溝道土壤全氮含量在0-40cm土層有顯著性差異,在40-60cm沒有顯著性差異。坡面與溝道土壤全磷含量在0-60cm土層都有顯著性差異。農(nóng)地,7年撂荒草地,30年撂荒草地和棗林100-1000cm土層土壤全氮總儲(chǔ)量分別占整個(gè)1000cm土壤剖面的70.6,81.5,69.3和78.6%;全磷總儲(chǔ)量分別占40.6,51.5,49.2,和38.74%。
[Abstract]:The land-use method has changed greatly since the return of the forest to the forest in the hilly region of the loess region. The loess hilly region not only has a variety of land use methods, but also a great difference in the terrain and soil texture. Land use change is the main factor to drive the change of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus. However, as of the present, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus have not been fully elucidated with the change of land use, especially in the deep soil (100 cm). Therefore, we studied the changes of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in different land use types (agricultural land, date forest,7-year old grassland,30-year-old grassland) and 0-100 cm soil layer in the small watershed of the Loess Hilly-gully region. The contribution of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus to the whole soil profile was quantified. In addition, in the shallow soil (0-100 cm), the effects of soil texture (clay, silt and sand) on soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus were also analyzed. The difference of organic carbon and total nitrogen and total phosphorus between the slope and the channel was analyzed. The main results of this experiment are as follows: (1) The clay content in the shallow 0-100 cm soil is about 14% in the whole small watershed, the particle size is about 70%, and the sand grain is about 16%. The change of other land use types is small. The soil moisture content of the farmland, the jujube forest and the 30-year old grassland was increased with the increase of the depth of the soil. The mean value of the water content of the grassland, the date forest and the 7-year old grassland, the agricultural land and the channel soil was 10.29%, 11.66%, 10.08% and 11.43%, respectively. 11.34%.0-20,20-40,40-60,60-80,80-100 cm soil had a mean volume weight of 1.26, 1.29, 1.31, 1.35, 1.34g cm-3, and the mean soil bulk density of 0-40 cm was small. (2) The land-use type on the shallow profile (0-100 cm) significantly affected the distribution of the organic carbon content and reserves of the surface layer 0-20 cm, while the 20-100 cm was not significant. The soil organic carbon content of the 30-year-old grassland was significantly higher than that of the (P0.05)7-year old grassland and agricultural land. Pearson correlation analysis showed that soil texture and total nitrogen had significant or very significant correlation with soil organic carbon content (P0.05 or 0.01). The analysis of variance shows that there is no significant difference between the soil organic carbon content in the 0-40cm soil layer and the channel soil, but the soil organic carbon content of the slope and the channel is different under the soil layer of 40 cm. In the deep section (0-1800 cm), the soil organic carbon content and reserves decrease with the increase of the depth of the soil layer, but the deep soil has higher soil organic carbon sequestration capacity. The accumulation of organic carbon at 100-1800 cm was 90.6, 91.6, 87.5, and 88.6%, respectively, in the four types of land, agricultural land,7-year old grassland,30-year-old grassland and jujube forest soil organic carbon at 100-1800 cm, respectively. (3) The land-use type on the shallow section (0-60 cm) significantly affected the total nitrogen content of 0-20cm of the surface layer, and the total nitrogen content of 20-60cm was not significant. And the total phosphorus content is no significant difference between the whole 0-60 cm soil layer. The total nitrogen content of the soil in the 0-60 cm soil layer is decreasing along the soil profile, while the total phosphorus has no obvious regularity with the increase of the depth of the soil layer. The soil organic carbon is the same as the soil organic carbon, and the total phosphorus has a significant relationship with the soil texture (clay, silt and sand) and has a weak correlation with the terrain conditions (slope, slope and altitude). The variance of variance shows that the total nitrogen content in the soil profile of 0-60 cm has a significant difference in the 0-40cm soil layer, and there is no significant difference between 40-60 cm. There was a significant difference between the total phosphorus content of the slope and the channel soil in the 0-60 cm soil layer. The total nitrogen reserves of soil and total nitrogen in the soil and jujube forest of the 100-1000cm soil layer in the farmland and 7 years were 70.6, 81.5, 69.3 and 78.6%, respectively, and the total phosphorus in total phosphorus accounts for 40.6, 51.5, 49.2, and 38.74%, respectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S153.6;S158

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