【摘要】：為探討不同灌水條件下胡麻田土壤水分動態(tài)特征和增產(chǎn)效果,以"隴亞雜1號"為材料,研究了不同灌溉處理對胡麻田土壤水分、籽粒產(chǎn)量和水分利用效率的影響。試驗(yàn)設(shè)置5個處理:不灌水(T_0)、分莖水80mm(T_1)、分莖水60mm+盛花水40mm(T_2)、分莖水80mm+盛花水40mm(T_3)、分莖水60mm+現(xiàn)蕾水40mm+盛花水40mm(T_4)。結(jié)果表明:分莖期灌水而現(xiàn)蕾期不灌水有利于增加現(xiàn)蕾期80—140cm土層含水量。在盛花期,T_2處理120—140cm土層含水量分別比T_3,T_4處理增加了11.40%和11.08%,這表明T_2處理對此時期深層土壤水分的提高有明顯的促進(jìn)作用。胡麻成熟期表層土壤的含水量與盛花期相比有所下降,而100—200cm土層的水分隨灌水量的增加而明顯增加,導(dǎo)致土壤中的無效水增多。隨著灌水量增加,農(nóng)田耗水量增加,而土壤貯水消耗量、降雨量和土壤貯水消耗量占農(nóng)田總耗水量的比例均降低。可見,減少灌溉量可以提高胡麻對土壤貯水的吸收利用,降低了農(nóng)田總耗水量,從而更有效地增加灌溉水分利用效率。與T_0處理相比,T_2處理的籽粒產(chǎn)量和產(chǎn)量水分利用效率分別顯著增加36.50%和12.27%。因此,在本試驗(yàn)條件下,T_2處理具有明顯的增產(chǎn)節(jié)水效益。
[Abstract]:The effects of different irrigation treatments on soil moisture, grain yield and water use efficiency (Wue) in flax field were studied in order to study the dynamic characteristics of soil water and the effect of increasing yield of flax field under different irrigation conditions. "Longyaza 1" was used to study the effects of different irrigation treatments on soil water content, grain yield and water use efficiency. Five treatments were set up in the experiment: no irrigation, 80mm in stem water, 40mm in flower water in stem water, 40mm in full flower water in stem water, 40mm in 60mm bud water in stem water, 40mm in flower water in 60mm bud water in stem water, 40mm in flower water in stem water, 40mm in full flower water in stem water, 40mm in bud water in stem water and 40mm in flower water in stem water. The results showed that irrigation at stem stage and no irrigation at bud stage were beneficial to increase the water content of 80-140cm soil layer at bud stage. At the full flowering stage, the soil water content of 120-140cm treated by T ~ (2 +) was increased by 11.40% and 11.08%, respectively, compared with that of T ~ (3) 3, which indicated that the treatment of T ~ (?) _ (2) could obviously promote the increase of soil water content in the deep layer of the soil at this stage. The surface soil water content in the mature stage of flax was lower than that in the full flowering stage, but the water content in 100-200cm soil layer increased obviously with the increase of irrigation water content, which resulted in the increase of ineffective water in the soil. With the increase of irrigation amount, the farmland water consumption increased, while the soil water storage consumption, rainfall and soil water storage consumption ratio to the total farmland water consumption decreased. It can be seen that reducing irrigation amount can improve the absorption and utilization of soil water storage, reduce the total water consumption of farmland, and thus increase the water use efficiency of irrigation more effectively. The grain yield and yield water use efficiency (Wue) were significantly increased by 36.50% and 12.27%, respectively, compared with T0 treatment. Therefore, under the condition of this experiment, the treatment of T ~ (2 +) has obvious benefit of increasing production and saving water.
【作者單位】： 甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)農(nóng)學(xué)院;甘肅省干旱生境作物學(xué)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;
【基金】：現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系建設(shè)專項(xiàng)資金(CARS-17-GW-9)
【分類號】：S152.7;S565.9

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