基于USLE模型的付營(yíng)子小流域土壤侵蝕評(píng)價(jià)研究
[Abstract]:Fuyingzi small watershed is located in Chengde City, Hebei Province, in the eastern part of the northern foot of Yanshan Mountain, Hebei Province, belongs to the low hilly region, with a total watershed area of 35.89 km2. Taking Fuyingzi small watershed of Luanping County as the research object, this paper analyzes the remote sensing image, rainfall data, land data and so on with the help of geographic information system analysis software, referring to the academic research results of soil erosion both at home and abroad for many years. The UISLE model of general soil loss equation was used to quantitatively analyze the effects of each factor on soil erosion by selecting the formulas of rainfall erosion, soil erosion, slope length and vegetation coverage, which are suitable for local conditions. A USLE soil erosion model suitable for local soil erosion was established. The results showed that the erosion intensity of land use units in Fuyingzi watershed was significantly different. The soil erosion modulus ranged from 24.12t/ km2 路a to 8916.33 t / km2 路a, and the average soil erosion modulus was 2149.26 t / km2 路a. The annual sediment yield was 77136.94 t in 2013. The area of moderate soil erosion in the study area was the largest, accounting for 43.83% of the total area of the basin, and the area of extreme intensity erosion was the least (0.02km2), accounting for 0.01% of the total area of the basin. There is a close relationship between different vegetation coverage and soil erosion intensity in the watershed, except bare land, soil erosion intensity decreases with the increase of vegetation coverage. With the steeper slope and higher elevation of the study area, the intensity of soil erosion in the basin also increased. In the study area, the elevation is above 1200 m, the vegetation coverage is 15% ~ 45%, the slope is above 35 擄, the vegetation coverage is 15% ~ 60%, the slope is 150 ~ 35%. Strong erosion exists in the area and should be monitored in order to control soil and water loss. In accordance with the principles of ecological protection and comprehensive management, and according to the local land use and natural economic conditions, the small watershed is divided into three types: ecological natural restoration area, integrated management area, gully channel and surrounding control area. The corresponding soil and water conservation measures were established according to different conditions in different regions, which provided theoretical basis for ecological construction in similar areas and provided scientific basis for local government to carry out soil and water conservation planning work.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:北京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】:S157
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