【摘要】：本文針對寧夏引黃灌區(qū)膜下滴灌水稻甲烷的排放問題,以銀川市寧夏銀川市賀蘭縣洪廣鎮(zhèn)金沙村二隊農(nóng)場膜下滴灌水稻試驗(yàn)示范田為基地,采取對比觀測的方法,系統(tǒng)地對不同土壤含水率、不同施肥量、不同灌水技術(shù)條件下的膜下滴灌水稻甲烷排放問題進(jìn)行了較為系統(tǒng)的研究,為引黃灌區(qū)水稻膜下滴灌推廣提供了理論依據(jù)。其研究結(jié)果如下；(1)不同土壤含水率條件下,膜下滴灌水稻上空lm處的甲烷排放量隨著含水率的降低而降低,日排放量呈先增長后下降的趨勢,在每日的12：00達(dá)到峰值；不同處理的水稻株高有差距,但是不顯著；水稻上空0.8m處溫度的日變化規(guī)律呈現(xiàn)出先上升后下降的變化趨勢；在一定的范溫度范圍內(nèi),早作膜下滴灌水稻地上玻璃罩內(nèi)0.8m高處的溫度越高,甲烷傳輸?shù)男试礁?甲烷的排放量也就越大。(2)不同施肥量處理條件下的膜下滴灌水稻上空1m處的甲烷日排放量呈先增加后下降的趨勢,水稻甲烷的排放量隨著施肥量的增加而減少,說明在一定的程度內(nèi),施用尿素能夠有效抑制水稻甲烷的排放。水稻的光合作用隨著施肥量的增加而增加：不同的施肥量對旱作膜下滴灌水稻植株的整個發(fā)育過程中有影響但不顯著。不同的施肥量對早作膜下滴灌水稻地上玻璃罩內(nèi)0.8m高處的溫度的日變化以及整個生育期的影響不明顯,其日變化規(guī)律大致與甲烷的日排放變化規(guī)律相一致,呈現(xiàn)出先上升后下降的變化規(guī)律,整個生育期呈現(xiàn)出先增加后降低的變化規(guī)律,峰值出現(xiàn)在抽穗期；增加施肥量可以增加水稻的產(chǎn)量。(3)在不同灌水技術(shù)處理的條件下,采用滴灌的栽培方式能夠顯著減少甲烷的排放；滴灌處理的光合作用比噴灌處理的光合作用速率平均高11.45%。膜下滴灌水稻栽培技術(shù)比膜上噴灌水稻栽培技術(shù)更有益于水稻的生長,且有效抑制了甲烷的排放；水稻的整個發(fā)育過程中,不同灌水技術(shù)條件下對水稻株高的總體影響不大；膜下滴灌種植技術(shù)條件下水稻上空的溫度平均高于膜上噴灌水稻2.6℃,即9.7%;整個生育期內(nèi),膜下滴灌水稻處理條件下的產(chǎn)量比膜上噴灌處理條件下的水稻產(chǎn)量平均高44.75%。
[Abstract]:Aiming at the methane emission of rice under mulch drip irrigation in Ningxia Yellow River diversion Irrigation area, the experiment and demonstration field of rice drip irrigation under film in Hongguang Zhen Jinsha Village second team Farm, Helan County, Yinchuan City, Ningxia Province, was used as the base, and the method of comparative observation was adopted. The methane emission of rice under mulch drip irrigation was systematically studied under different soil moisture content, different fertilizer application and different irrigation techniques, which provided a theoretical basis for the extension of rice drip irrigation under film in the irrigation area of the Yellow River. The results are as follows: (1) under the condition of different soil moisture content, the methane emission over lm under mulch drip irrigation decreased with the decrease of water content, and the daily emission increased first and then decreased, reaching the peak at 12:00 per day; The diurnal variation of temperature at 0.8m above rice showed a tendency of rising first and then decreasing. Within a certain range of normal temperature, the higher the temperature of 0.8m in the glass cover of rice ground under early film drip irrigation, the higher the efficiency of methane transport. The methane emissions also increased. (2) under different fertilization treatments, the daily methane emissions at 1m above the drip irrigation film increased first and then decreased, and the methane emissions decreased with the increase of fertilizer application. The results indicated that urea application could effectively inhibit methane emission from rice to a certain extent. The photosynthesis of rice increased with the increase of fertilizer application. Different fertilizer application rates had an effect on the whole development of rice plants under mulch drip irrigation, but not significant. The diurnal variation of temperature at 0.8m height and the whole growth period were not significantly affected by different fertilizer application rates, and the diurnal variation of the diurnal variation was approximately consistent with the diurnal emission of methane under drip irrigation of rice under early cropping film, and the diurnal variation of the diurnal variation was similar to that of methane diurnal emission. The growth period was increased and then decreased, and the peak value appeared at heading stage. The yield of rice could be increased by increasing the amount of fertilizer application. (3) under the condition of different irrigation techniques, the methane emission could be significantly reduced by drip irrigation. The photosynthesis rate of drip irrigation was 11.45% higher than that of sprinkler irrigation on average. The cultivation technique of drip irrigation under mulch was more beneficial to the growth of rice than that of sprinkling irrigation under film, and the methane emission was effectively inhibited, and the total effect of different irrigation techniques on the plant height of rice was not significant during the whole development process of rice, and the effect of different irrigation techniques on the plant height of rice was less than that of sprinkling irrigation under different irrigation conditions. Under the condition of drip irrigation under film, the average temperature over rice was 2.6 鈩，

本文編號：2442795