麥秸還田腐熟劑效果增強(qiáng)技術(shù)研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-03-17 08:03
【摘要】：秸稈還田,作為一種重要土壤培肥與秸稈利用技術(shù),被廣泛應(yīng)用。但在實踐中,仍存在諸如影響田間耕作、下茬作物前期生長等問題。為加快還田秸稈腐熟速率或減輕秸稈還田負(fù)效應(yīng),在秸稈還田的同時接種秸稈腐熟菌,已成為解決秸稈還田負(fù)面效應(yīng)的重要技術(shù)。為提高腐熟菌劑接種效果,本研究選用小麥秸稈和篩選得到的高效纖維素降解菌株為研究材料,開展室內(nèi)模擬試驗,探索麥秸還田腐熟劑接種技術(shù),為優(yōu)化秸稈還田技術(shù)提供理論依據(jù)。 主要試驗結(jié)果如下：將麥秸按葉片、葉鞘、穗軸、莖及根等不同器官分開,接種婁徹氏鏈霉菌(Streptomyces rochei),進(jìn)行為期27 d的腐解試驗,研究麥秸不同器官腐解速率差異。試驗中分別測定麥秸葉片、葉鞘、穗軸、莖以及根在腐解過程中的干物質(zhì)損失率、纖維素酶活力、放線菌數(shù)量等指標(biāo),并進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析。結(jié)果表明：S. rochei能在淹水環(huán)境下成為優(yōu)勢菌株；麥秸不同器官腐解速率為：葉片葉鞘穗軸根莖；由于穗軸、莖和根的腐解速率比較慢,且它們占整株麥秸的比重比較大,所以將有機(jī)物料腐熟劑接種到麥秸的莖和穗軸器官,可加快麥秸的腐解速率,為秸稈的資源化利用及接種裝置在收割機(jī)上固定位置的確定提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。前期已有結(jié)果表明,還田麥秸腐解會產(chǎn)生酚酸等化感物質(zhì),為探明本試驗所用S.rochei是否受到化感物質(zhì)酚酸脅迫,試驗分析了麥秸腐熟過程中化感物質(zhì)的消長情況及不同酚酸濃度對腐熟菌的影響。試驗結(jié)果表明：在酚酸濃度條件下,麥秸腐熟菌S.rochei受到了脅迫,低濃度對腐熟菌S. rochei生長繁殖有促進(jìn)作用；同時,S. rochei的存在緩解了酚酸的積累,S. rochei對酚酸有一定程度的降解能力。模擬田間淹水環(huán)境,通過添加保水劑和表面活性劑等不同處理,試探索麥秸腐熟菌接種增強(qiáng)效果技術(shù)。試驗結(jié)果表明：自制麥秸腐熟劑可以顯著加快麥秸腐解；添加表面活性劑和保水劑在一定程度上能促進(jìn)S. rochei的繁殖存活；添加表面活性劑腐解效果最好,同時添加表面活性劑和保水劑處理組的腐解效果僅次于前者,添加保水劑在麥秸腐解前期具有一定的促進(jìn)效果,但腐解后期效果不明顯。通過以上試驗,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)麥秸莖和穗軸還田后腐解速率較慢,可為接種裝置在收割機(jī)上位置的固定提供一定的理論參考；麥秸腐熟菌接種效果的不同處理表明,添加表面活性劑和保水劑能在一定程度上促進(jìn)S. rochei腐解麥秸的效果,可為進(jìn)一步探索腐熟劑的接種技術(shù)提供理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Straw return, as an important soil fertilization and straw utilization technology, has been widely used. However, in practice, there are still problems such as affecting field cultivation, the early growth of the next crop and so on. In order to speed up the rate of straw returning to field or reduce the negative effect of straw returning to field, inoculation of straw rot fungus at the same time has become an important technology to solve the negative effect of straw returning to field. In order to improve the inoculating effect of rot-ripening agent, wheat straw and the highly efficient cellulose-degrading strain were selected as the research materials in this study, the simulated experiment was carried out in the laboratory, and the inoculation technology of wheat straw returning to field maturing agent was explored. It provides theoretical basis for optimizing straw returning technology. The main results were as follows: wheat straw was divided according to different organs, such as leaf, leaf sheath, rachilla, stem and root, and inoculated with Streptomyces Louchenne (Streptomyces rochei), for 27 days to study the difference of decomposition rate of different organs of wheat straw. The dry matter loss rate, cellulase activity and actinomycetes quantity of wheat straw leaves, leaf sheaths, spikes, stems and roots during decomposition were measured and analyzed. The results showed that: S. rochei could become the dominant strain in flooded environment, and the decomposition rates of different organs of wheat straw were as follows: leaf sheath, rachilla rhizome; Because the decomposition rate of rachilla, stem and root is relatively slow, and they account for a relatively large proportion of wheat straw, so inoculating organic materials to stem and ear organs of wheat straw can accelerate the decomposition rate of wheat straw, and the decomposition rate of wheat straw can be accelerated by inoculating organic materials into the stem and ear organs of wheat straw. It provides a scientific basis for the utilization of straw resource and the determination of the fixed position of the inoculating device on the harvester. Previous results showed that the decomposition of returning wheat straw produced allelic acid and other allelic substances, in order to find out whether the S.rochei used in this experiment was subjected to phenolic acid stress. The growth and decline of allelopathic substances during maturing of wheat straw and the effects of different phenolic acid concentrations on saprophytic bacteria were studied in this paper. The results showed that under the condition of phenol acid concentration, the wheat straw rot fungus S.rochei was stressed, and the low concentration could promote the growth and propagation of the rot fungus S.rochei. At the same time, the presence of, S. rochei alleviated the degradation of phenolic acid by, S. rochei. Simulated the flooded environment in the field, through the addition of water-retaining agent and surfactant and other different treatment, try to explore the wheat straw rot fungus inoculation enhancement effect technology. The results showed that the self-made maturing agent of wheat straw could accelerate the decomposition of wheat straw, and the addition of surfactant and water-retaining agent could promote the reproduction and survival of S. rochei to a certain extent. The decomposition effect of adding surfactant was the best, and that of adding surfactant and water retention agent was the second only to the former. The addition of water retaining agent had certain promoting effect in the early stage of wheat straw decomposition, but the effect was not obvious in the later stage of decomposition. Through the above experiments, it was found that the decomposition rate of wheat straw stem and spike was slow after returning to the field, which could provide some theoretical reference for fixing the position of the inoculating device on the harvester. The results showed that the addition of surfactant and water-retaining agent could promote the effect of S. rochei decomposition of wheat straw to a certain extent, which could provide theoretical basis for further exploration of inoculating technology of maturing agent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S141.4
本文編號：2442091
[Abstract]:Straw return, as an important soil fertilization and straw utilization technology, has been widely used. However, in practice, there are still problems such as affecting field cultivation, the early growth of the next crop and so on. In order to speed up the rate of straw returning to field or reduce the negative effect of straw returning to field, inoculation of straw rot fungus at the same time has become an important technology to solve the negative effect of straw returning to field. In order to improve the inoculating effect of rot-ripening agent, wheat straw and the highly efficient cellulose-degrading strain were selected as the research materials in this study, the simulated experiment was carried out in the laboratory, and the inoculation technology of wheat straw returning to field maturing agent was explored. It provides theoretical basis for optimizing straw returning technology. The main results were as follows: wheat straw was divided according to different organs, such as leaf, leaf sheath, rachilla, stem and root, and inoculated with Streptomyces Louchenne (Streptomyces rochei), for 27 days to study the difference of decomposition rate of different organs of wheat straw. The dry matter loss rate, cellulase activity and actinomycetes quantity of wheat straw leaves, leaf sheaths, spikes, stems and roots during decomposition were measured and analyzed. The results showed that: S. rochei could become the dominant strain in flooded environment, and the decomposition rates of different organs of wheat straw were as follows: leaf sheath, rachilla rhizome; Because the decomposition rate of rachilla, stem and root is relatively slow, and they account for a relatively large proportion of wheat straw, so inoculating organic materials to stem and ear organs of wheat straw can accelerate the decomposition rate of wheat straw, and the decomposition rate of wheat straw can be accelerated by inoculating organic materials into the stem and ear organs of wheat straw. It provides a scientific basis for the utilization of straw resource and the determination of the fixed position of the inoculating device on the harvester. Previous results showed that the decomposition of returning wheat straw produced allelic acid and other allelic substances, in order to find out whether the S.rochei used in this experiment was subjected to phenolic acid stress. The growth and decline of allelopathic substances during maturing of wheat straw and the effects of different phenolic acid concentrations on saprophytic bacteria were studied in this paper. The results showed that under the condition of phenol acid concentration, the wheat straw rot fungus S.rochei was stressed, and the low concentration could promote the growth and propagation of the rot fungus S.rochei. At the same time, the presence of, S. rochei alleviated the degradation of phenolic acid by, S. rochei. Simulated the flooded environment in the field, through the addition of water-retaining agent and surfactant and other different treatment, try to explore the wheat straw rot fungus inoculation enhancement effect technology. The results showed that the self-made maturing agent of wheat straw could accelerate the decomposition of wheat straw, and the addition of surfactant and water-retaining agent could promote the reproduction and survival of S. rochei to a certain extent. The decomposition effect of adding surfactant was the best, and that of adding surfactant and water retention agent was the second only to the former. The addition of water retaining agent had certain promoting effect in the early stage of wheat straw decomposition, but the effect was not obvious in the later stage of decomposition. Through the above experiments, it was found that the decomposition rate of wheat straw stem and spike was slow after returning to the field, which could provide some theoretical reference for fixing the position of the inoculating device on the harvester. The results showed that the addition of surfactant and water-retaining agent could promote the effect of S. rochei decomposition of wheat straw to a certain extent, which could provide theoretical basis for further exploration of inoculating technology of maturing agent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S141.4
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