黃土高原土地利用變化對(duì)土壤侵蝕影響研究
[Abstract]:Soil erosion is one of the most important global environmental problems, and is one of the environmental effects caused by land-use change. The study of the impact of land-use change on soil erosion has become the key in the field of land-use change and soil erosion research. The loess plateau is one of the most serious soil and water loss in China and even the whole world, and with the adoption of a series of ecological measures such as the construction of the three-north protection forest system, the conversion of the farmland to the forest and the grass and the ban of the mountain, the land-use pattern of the Loess Plateau has changed significantly. Moreover, it is necessary to study the spatial and temporal differentiation of land-use change on soil erosion in the Loess Plateau. Based on the 1: 100,000 scale long-time series of land use change and the dynamic database of soil erosion, which is based on the remote sensing and digital earth research institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the soil erosion severity index, the intensity index, the rate of change of soil erosion, etc. are comprehensively used. The temporal evolution of soil erosion in the Loess Plateau from the late 1980s to the year 2000,2000-2005 and 2005-2010 was evaluated, and the regional differences of soil erosion in the comprehensive treatment planning program of the Loess Plateau (2010-2030) were analyzed. The effect of land-use change on soil erosion is further analyzed. The results show that: (1) The loess plateau in the Loess Plateau is the most serious area of water erosion in the Loess Plateau in 2010, and the sand and desert areas are the most serious areas of the wind erosion. The severity index of soil erosion in the Loess Plateau in 2010 is 4.04, The soil erosion is the most serious in the Loess Plateau, the severity index of the soil erosion is 7.63, the wind erosion in the sand and the desert area is the most serious, the severity index of the loess high-gully region, the non-agricultural irrigation area and the soil-stone mountain area is decreased in turn, and the lowest in the valley plain area is 1.06. (2) The water erosion intensity of the Loess Plateau increased by 0.88 at the end of the 1980s to the end of the year 2000, and the intensity of the water erosion in the Loess Plateau from the end of the 1980s to the end of the year 2000 was improved, and the average intensity of the water decreased by about 1. Between the end of the 1980s and the end of 2000, The average wind erosion intensity of the loess plateau decreased by 0.39, and the average wind erosion intensity increased by 0.67 for 2000 to 2005, and the average wind erosion intensity decreased by 0.87 in 2005 to 2010. In addition, the area of increased soil erosion in each of the management zones is becoming smaller and smaller, especially after 2005, the overall erosion intensity of each zone is reduced. (3) The main land-use change way of soil erosion is different from different treatment zones on the Loess Plateau, but the dynamics of the grassland are relatively large for each zone. The grassland in the high-gully region of the loess, the plain area of the valley, the mountainous area of the soil and the non-agricultural irrigation area are mainly cultivated as cultivated land, and the grassland in the sandy land and the desert area is the main part of the unutilized land. The area and effect of returning farmland to forest in the loess hilly and gully region are the most significant. (4) The land-use change of soil erosion in the Loess Plateau was mainly based on the non-use of land and grassland in the Loess Plateau, and the land was changed to forest land after 2000. In the end of the 1980s to 2000, there existed more and more wasteland and grassland degradation as the unutilized land. During the period from 2000 to 2005, the land-use change that caused the change of soil erosion mainly has the conversion of farmland to forest, and the grassland is degraded to the unutilized land and the grassland is changed into forest land; in the period of 2005 to 2010, the soil erosion is affected by the conversion of the farmland to the forest, the grassland in the land is not used, and the urban expansion is the main. (5) In general, the soil erosion intensity between the land use types of the Loess Plateau is from light to weight to the water area, and the land, the forest land, the grassland, the cultivated land, the unused land and the soil erosion of the urban and rural industrial and mining areas are related to the change direction of the land use mode. The reduction of cultivated land can generally reduce the intensity of soil erosion, but the degradation of the cultivated land is not the use of land to increase the soil erosion, and the forest land is cultivated as the cultivated land, and the degradation of the forest land will aggravate the soil erosion. The development of the forest land as the land for urban and rural industrial and mining residents has resulted in an average erosion intensity of around 1 grade, and the degradation of the cultivated grassland and the vegetation has increased the soil erosion, and the land reclamation of the grassland is the land for the urban and rural industrial and mining residents, so that the intensity of the soil erosion is reduced by an average of 1 to 2; The decrease in water area will often result in an increase in the intensity of soil erosion, which, in contrast, has not been used to reduce the total soil erosion better.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:中國(guó)科學(xué)院大學(xué)(中國(guó)科學(xué)院遙感與數(shù)字地球研究所)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2017
【分類號(hào)】:S157
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