【摘要】：“旱澇急轉(zhuǎn)”是我國(guó)華南及長(zhǎng)江中下游地區(qū)常發(fā)生性的一種氣象災(zāi)害,為了探明“旱澇急轉(zhuǎn)”對(duì)雙季超級(jí)雜交稻產(chǎn)量形成及其生理特性的影響,本研究選用雙季超級(jí)雜交稻品種早稻淦鑫203和晚稻五豐優(yōu)T025為材料,于自然條件下“旱澇急轉(zhuǎn)”常發(fā)生時(shí)段,采用桶栽方式,分別設(shè)置了不旱不澇、輕旱不澇、重旱不澇、不旱輕澇、輕旱輕澇急轉(zhuǎn)、輕旱重澇急轉(zhuǎn)、不旱重澇、輕旱重澇急轉(zhuǎn)、重旱重澇急轉(zhuǎn)等不同強(qiáng)度旱、澇組合進(jìn)行人工模擬處理,考查產(chǎn)量、光合、滲透調(diào)節(jié)物質(zhì)、保護(hù)酶系統(tǒng)、內(nèi)源激素等生理特性,主要研究結(jié)果如下:1、旱、澇脅迫均造成超級(jí)雜交早稻淦鑫203和晚稻五豐優(yōu)T025產(chǎn)量不同程度的下降,旱澇急轉(zhuǎn)較單一旱或澇脅迫產(chǎn)量損失更為嚴(yán)重。與對(duì)照組(不旱不澇)相比:早稻2013年只旱不澇、不旱淹澇、旱澇急轉(zhuǎn)的單株產(chǎn)量降幅分別為4.58%,9.32%,16.90%;早稻2014年輕旱不澇、重旱不澇、不旱輕澇、輕旱輕澇急轉(zhuǎn)、重旱輕澇急轉(zhuǎn)、不旱重澇、輕旱重澇急轉(zhuǎn)、重旱重澇急轉(zhuǎn)的單株產(chǎn)量降幅分別為17.30%,33.58%,18.74%,34.63%,28.37%,16.92%,24.04%,37.29%;晚稻2013年只旱不澇、不旱輕澇、不旱重澇、旱后輕澇急轉(zhuǎn)、旱后重澇急轉(zhuǎn)的單株產(chǎn)量降幅分別為29.34%,18.93%,6.47%,6.94%,12.52%;晚稻2014年輕旱不澇、重旱不澇、不旱輕澇、輕旱輕澇急轉(zhuǎn)、重旱輕澇急轉(zhuǎn)、不旱重澇、輕旱重澇急轉(zhuǎn)、重旱重澇急轉(zhuǎn)的單株產(chǎn)量降幅分別為19.32%,29.46%,10.53%,24.85%,38.68%,11.37%,23.03%,37.66%。旱、澇及其旱澇急轉(zhuǎn)產(chǎn)量下降的主要原因在于單株有效穗數(shù)下降幅度大,其次是導(dǎo)致每穗總粒數(shù)的下降�？傮w上看,一定范圍內(nèi)旱澇急轉(zhuǎn)對(duì)雙季超級(jí)雜交稻產(chǎn)量形成具有一定的補(bǔ)償作用,超過(guò)一定程度則表現(xiàn)疊加損傷作用,即旱、澇具有一定的閾值。2、生理指標(biāo)上看,總體上旱、澇交替脅迫后初期,超級(jí)雜交早稻淦鑫203和晚稻五豐優(yōu)T025的SPAD值、凈光合作用、蒸騰速率、氣孔導(dǎo)度和胞間CO2濃度均下降,游離脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、MDA含量以及POD、SOD和CAT等酶活性均上升,脅迫解除后均緩慢恢復(fù)至正常水平左右。葉片內(nèi)源激素含量上,早稻表現(xiàn)為旱澇急轉(zhuǎn)增加了ZR、GA3、IAA和ABA含量,提高了ZR/ABA、IAA/ABA和GA3/ABA比值,脅迫解除后均緩慢恢復(fù)至正常水平;晚稻表現(xiàn)為旱后輕澇急轉(zhuǎn)降低了ZR、GA3、IAA和ABA含量,后期升高,存在一定的滯后補(bǔ)償效應(yīng),旱后重澇急轉(zhuǎn)增加了ZR、GA3、IAA和ABA含量,且ZR/ABA、IAA/ABA和GA3/ABA比值均高于正常水平。
[Abstract]:"drought and waterlogging" is a frequent meteorological disaster in South China and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. In order to find out the effect of "drought and waterlogging" on the yield formation and physiological characteristics of double-cropping super hybrid rice, In this study, double-cropping super-hybrid rice variety Gan Xin 203 and late rice Wufengyou T025 were selected as materials. Under natural conditions, "drought-waterlogging" frequent period, using bucket planting method, respectively set up no drought, no waterlogging, no serious drought, no waterlogging. "No drought, light drought and severe waterlogging turn rapidly, light drought and heavy waterlogging, heavy drought and heavy waterlogging, and so on. The combination of flood and flood shall be treated with artificial simulation, and the yield, photosynthetic, osmotic adjustment substances, and protective enzyme systems shall be examined." The main results were as follows: 1. Drought and waterlogging stress resulted in the decrease of yield of super early hybrid rice Gan Xin 203 and late rice Wufengyou T025, and the yield loss of drought and waterlogging was more serious than that of single drought or waterlogging stress. Compared with the control group (no drought and no waterlogging), the yield of early rice was decreased by 4.58%, 9.32% and 16.90% respectively in 2013, and the yield was decreased by 4.58%, 9.32% and 16.90% respectively. In early rice 2014, young drought did not flood, heavy drought did not flood, light drought slight flood, no drought and heavy waterlogging, light drought and heavy waterlogging, heavy drought and heavy waterlogging, and the yield of heavy drought and heavy waterlogging turned sharply by 17.30%, 33.58% and 18.74%, respectively, and the yield of each plant was reduced by 17.30%, 33.58% and 18.74% respectively. 34.63%, 28.37%, 16.92%, 24.04%, 37.29%; In 2013, the yield of late rice was reduced by 29.34%, 18.93%, 6.47%, 6.94%, 12.52% respectively. In late rice 2014, young drought did not flood, heavy drought did not flood, light drought slight flood, light drought light flood, no drought and heavy waterlogging, light drought and heavy waterlogging, heavy drought and heavy waterlogging, and the yield of heavy drought and heavy waterlogging turned sharply by 19.32%, 29.46% and 10.53%, respectively, and the yield of each plant decreased by 19.32%, 29.46% and 10.53% respectively. 24.85%, 38.68%, 11.37%, 23.03%, 37.66%. The main reason for the decrease of yield of drought, waterlogging and drought and waterlogging was that the number of effective panicle per plant decreased greatly, followed by the decrease of total grain number per panicle. On the whole, drought and waterlogging in a certain range can compensate the yield formation of double-cropping super-hybrid rice to a certain extent, and show superimposed damage over a certain extent, that is, drought and waterlogging have a certain threshold value. 2. In general, the SPAD value, net photosynthesis, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration of Gan Xin 203 and Wufeng you T025 decreased, free proline, soluble sugar and soluble protein decreased in the early stage of drought and waterlogging alternation stress, and in the early stage of drought and waterlogging alternation stress, SPAD value, net photosynthesis, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular protein were all decreased. The content of MDA and enzyme activities such as POD,SOD and CAT increased, and returned to the normal level slowly after release of stress. The content of endogenous hormones in leaves of early rice showed that drought and flood increased the contents of ZR,GA3,IAA and ABA and increased the ratio of ZR/ABA,IAA/ABA and GA3/ABA and returned to the normal level slowly after relief of stress. Late rice showed that the content of ZR,GA3,IAA and ABA decreased rapidly after drought, and increased at the later stage, and there was some lag compensation effect. After drought, the content of ZR,GA3,IAA and ABA was increased, and the content of ZR/ABA, was increased by the rapid transformation of heavy waterlogging after drought. The ratio of IAA/ABA and GA3/ABA was higher than the normal level.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S511.42;S42

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