秦嶺山地典型林分下的土壤生物學(xué)特征研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-03-01 18:40
【摘要】：森林在人類的生產(chǎn)和生活中發(fā)揮著重要的作用,是人類不可或缺的資源,作為自然環(huán)境的主要碳庫,森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的保護以及可發(fā)利用一直都是人們關(guān)注的方面。研究土壤酶和土壤微生物對于了解森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的功能,對于森林系統(tǒng)的保護和合理開發(fā)利用具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。本試驗以秦嶺地區(qū)的銳齒櫟、油松、華山松、松櫟混交、云杉六個林地五種典型林分為研究對象,研究了內(nèi)容如下:不同林分條件對土壤微生物功能多樣性的影響;不同季節(jié)對四種純林根際土壤與非根際土壤微生物功能多樣性的影響;六種林分不同土層深度下土壤理化性質(zhì)以及土壤酶活性的變化以及它們之間的關(guān)系;四個季節(jié)條件下,土壤理化性質(zhì)以及土壤酶活性的動態(tài)變化;通過室內(nèi)模擬凋落物分解,研究了華山松和云杉凋落物分解對土壤酶活性、土壤CO2 C釋放速率以及土壤微生物量碳的影響。得出了以下結(jié)論:1.林分對土壤微生物功能多樣性產(chǎn)生影響,六種林分中,華山松土壤微生物功能多樣性最高,位于不同地理位置的銳齒櫟林之間土壤微生物功能多樣性有顯著差異。2.夏秋兩季之間根際與非根際土壤微生物功能多樣性之間差異顯著,闊葉林夏秋兩季根際土均小于非根際土,秋季要低于夏季;針葉林夏季根際小于非根際,秋季則相反,非根際土壤秋季比夏季低,根際則相反。3.隨著土壤深度的增加,土壤基本理化性質(zhì)呈降低的趨勢,云杉和銳齒櫟1林在六種林分中土壤養(yǎng)分水平最高,華山松和銳齒櫟2林相對較低。土壤酶活性與基本理化性質(zhì)規(guī)律相似,六種林分中云杉林總體酶活性最高,混交林最低。4.季節(jié)對土壤酶和基本理化性質(zhì)均產(chǎn)生影響,其中有機質(zhì)、全氮、堿解氮、速效磷總體表現(xiàn)為夏季升高,秋季和春季降低,速效鉀則是春季最高;土壤總體酶活性表現(xiàn)為夏季最高,春季最低。土壤微生物量C夏季較高,春季較低,華山松在四種林分中土壤微生物量C最高。5.經(jīng)過120天的腐解,兩種凋落葉的剩余率為55.33%~60.67%,華山松凋落物分解速率高于云杉,凋落物分解速率前期快,后期慢;凋落葉的分解在不同程度上提高了土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶和纖維素酶的活性,土壤微生物量C在第7天最大。
[Abstract]:Forest plays an important role in human production and life and is an indispensable resource of human being. As the main carbon pool of natural environment, the protection and exploitable utilization of forest ecosystem have always been concerned. The study of soil enzymes and soil microorganisms is of great practical significance for understanding the function of forest ecosystem, for the protection of forest system and for the rational exploitation and utilization of forest system. Five typical forests of Quercus acuminata, Pinus tabulaeformis, Pinus massoniana and Picea spruce in Qinling area were studied in this study. The contents were as follows: the effects of different stand conditions on soil microbial functional diversity; The effects of different seasons on the microbial functional diversity of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of four pure forests, the changes of soil physical and chemical properties, soil enzyme activities and their relationship under different soil depth of six stands, and the effects of different seasons on the microbial functional diversity of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of four pure forests were studied. Dynamic changes of soil physical and chemical properties and soil enzyme activity under four seasons; The effects of litter decomposition of Pinus huashan and Picea spruce on soil enzyme activity, soil CO2 C release rate and soil microbial biomass carbon were studied by simulating litter decomposition in laboratory. The following conclusions have been reached: 1. Among the six stands, the soil microbial functional diversity of Pinus huashan was the highest, and the diversity of soil microbial function of Quercus acuminata forest was significantly different among different geographical locations. 2. There was a significant difference between the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil microbial functional diversity between summer and autumn. The rhizosphere soil in broad-leaved forest in summer and autumn was lower than that in non-rhizosphere soil, but lower in autumn than in summer. In summer, the rhizosphere of coniferous forest is smaller than that of non-rhizosphere, but the autumn of non-rhizosphere soil is lower than that of summer, while the rhizosphere of coniferous forest is opposite. The soil basic physical and chemical properties decreased with the increase of soil depth. The soil nutrient levels of Picea spruce and Quercus acuminata 1 stand were the highest in the six stands, while those of Pinus huashan and Quercus acuminata 2 were relatively low. The enzyme activity of soil was similar to that of basic physical and chemical properties. The total enzyme activity of Picea lanceolata forest was the highest in the six stands, and the lowest in mixed forest. 4. Season had influence on soil enzyme and basic physical and chemical properties, including organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus increased in summer, decreased in autumn and spring, and available potassium was the highest in spring, while organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus increased in summer, and decreased in autumn and spring. The soil enzyme activity was the highest in summer and the lowest in spring. Soil microbial biomass C was higher in summer and lower in spring. Soil microbial biomass C was the highest in four stands of Pinus huashan. 5. After 120 days of decay, the residual rate of litter was 55.33% / 60.67%. The decomposition rate of litter of Pinus huashan was higher than that of Picea spruce, and the decomposition rate of litter was fast in the early stage and slow in the later stage. The decomposition of litter increased the activities of soil urease, acid phosphatase, 尾-glucosidase and cellulase in different degrees, and the soil microbial biomass C was the highest on the 7th day.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S714.3
本文編號：2432696
[Abstract]:Forest plays an important role in human production and life and is an indispensable resource of human being. As the main carbon pool of natural environment, the protection and exploitable utilization of forest ecosystem have always been concerned. The study of soil enzymes and soil microorganisms is of great practical significance for understanding the function of forest ecosystem, for the protection of forest system and for the rational exploitation and utilization of forest system. Five typical forests of Quercus acuminata, Pinus tabulaeformis, Pinus massoniana and Picea spruce in Qinling area were studied in this study. The contents were as follows: the effects of different stand conditions on soil microbial functional diversity; The effects of different seasons on the microbial functional diversity of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of four pure forests, the changes of soil physical and chemical properties, soil enzyme activities and their relationship under different soil depth of six stands, and the effects of different seasons on the microbial functional diversity of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of four pure forests were studied. Dynamic changes of soil physical and chemical properties and soil enzyme activity under four seasons; The effects of litter decomposition of Pinus huashan and Picea spruce on soil enzyme activity, soil CO2 C release rate and soil microbial biomass carbon were studied by simulating litter decomposition in laboratory. The following conclusions have been reached: 1. Among the six stands, the soil microbial functional diversity of Pinus huashan was the highest, and the diversity of soil microbial function of Quercus acuminata forest was significantly different among different geographical locations. 2. There was a significant difference between the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil microbial functional diversity between summer and autumn. The rhizosphere soil in broad-leaved forest in summer and autumn was lower than that in non-rhizosphere soil, but lower in autumn than in summer. In summer, the rhizosphere of coniferous forest is smaller than that of non-rhizosphere, but the autumn of non-rhizosphere soil is lower than that of summer, while the rhizosphere of coniferous forest is opposite. The soil basic physical and chemical properties decreased with the increase of soil depth. The soil nutrient levels of Picea spruce and Quercus acuminata 1 stand were the highest in the six stands, while those of Pinus huashan and Quercus acuminata 2 were relatively low. The enzyme activity of soil was similar to that of basic physical and chemical properties. The total enzyme activity of Picea lanceolata forest was the highest in the six stands, and the lowest in mixed forest. 4. Season had influence on soil enzyme and basic physical and chemical properties, including organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus increased in summer, decreased in autumn and spring, and available potassium was the highest in spring, while organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus increased in summer, and decreased in autumn and spring. The soil enzyme activity was the highest in summer and the lowest in spring. Soil microbial biomass C was higher in summer and lower in spring. Soil microbial biomass C was the highest in four stands of Pinus huashan. 5. After 120 days of decay, the residual rate of litter was 55.33% / 60.67%. The decomposition rate of litter of Pinus huashan was higher than that of Picea spruce, and the decomposition rate of litter was fast in the early stage and slow in the later stage. The decomposition of litter increased the activities of soil urease, acid phosphatase, 尾-glucosidase and cellulase in different degrees, and the soil microbial biomass C was the highest on the 7th day.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S714.3
【參考文獻】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條
1 楊萬勤,王開運;森林土壤酶的研究進展[J];林業(yè)科學(xué);2004年02期
2 許紹遠;浙江省檫杉混交林調(diào)查初報[J];林業(yè)科技通訊;1979年04期
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