【摘要】：溝眶象Eucryptorrhynchus chinensis (Olivier)是我國(guó)專一危害臭椿Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle的林業(yè)檢疫性有害生物,近年來在寧夏廣泛發(fā)生,嚴(yán)重威脅農(nóng)田防護(hù)林的主要樹種·臭椿。溝眶象及其近緣種臭椿溝眶象E. brandti (Harold)在生產(chǎn)上容易混淆,諸多文獻(xiàn)對(duì)其生物學(xué)特性也未明確區(qū)分。本文在前人研究基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)溝眶象的補(bǔ)充營(yíng)養(yǎng)、產(chǎn)卵特性、為害特點(diǎn)等與防治有關(guān)的關(guān)鍵生物學(xué)特性進(jìn)行了研究。主要研究結(jié)果如下：1.溝眶象成蟲羽化出土后如不補(bǔ)充營(yíng)養(yǎng),僅10%-20%的成蟲能產(chǎn)下極少量不可育的卵粒。在取食臭椿材料或蘋果等材料約10d后則均可以產(chǎn)下可育卵。飼喂不同補(bǔ)充營(yíng)養(yǎng)材料下,溝眶象取食臭椿萌生苗、2-3年生枝條時(shí)繁殖力較強(qiáng),其產(chǎn)卵總量和孵化率極顯著高于取食蘋果和蜂蜜水的處理。2.明確了溝眶象成蟲的產(chǎn)卵場(chǎng)所與產(chǎn)卵行為。在自然條件下,溝眶象將卵產(chǎn)于臭椿附近的土壤中,而非臭椿樹干韌皮部。溝眶象以喙輔助作產(chǎn)卵孔,調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)蟲體后產(chǎn)卵,并用產(chǎn)卵器覆土掩蓋卵粒。3.土壤含水量對(duì)溝眶象產(chǎn)卵有顯著影響。溝眶象產(chǎn)卵適應(yīng)力較強(qiáng),其產(chǎn)卵量與土壤含水量呈正相關(guān),干燥沙壤土下溝眶象的產(chǎn)卵量顯著低于10%-15%的處理,極顯著低于15%-20%的處理。土壤中是否有根系及其與土壤含水量?jī)烧叩慕换プ饔脤?duì)溝眶象產(chǎn)卵影響不顯著。4.根據(jù)戴氏法則進(jìn)行溝眶象幼蟲頭殼、背板頻數(shù)分析,認(rèn)為溝眶象幼蟲劃分為6齡較為合理；頭殼和背板都是較好的區(qū)分方法,以頭殼劃分更為合理。5.測(cè)定了溝眶象成蟲和幼蟲的取食量。幼蟲在2-3齡以及4-5齡體重迅速增長(zhǎng),在6齡期間溝眶象準(zhǔn)備化蛹,體重下降。幼蟲取食根系形成的坑道不規(guī)則,其寬度與幼蟲身體寬度相近。小幼蟲坑道通常不可見,大齡幼蟲坑道主要是沿著根系呈螺旋狀前進(jìn)。6.以乙醇溶解臭椿受害根系部位的膠土復(fù)合物,過濾后測(cè)定了臭椿受溝眶象幼蟲鉆蛀后流膠的成分,發(fā)現(xiàn)主要是大分子烷烴類物質(zhì),不含可揮發(fā)性成分。
[Abstract]:The Orbital Image Eucryptorrhynchus chinensis (Olivier) is a Special harm to Toona altissima Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) in China. The forest quarantine pest of Swingle occurred widely in Ningxia in recent years, which seriously threatened the main tree species of farmland shelterbelt, Toona odoratum. The orbital image of sulcus and its relative species, E. brandti (Harold), are easy to be confused in production, and their biological characteristics have not been clearly distinguished in many literatures. On the basis of previous studies, the key biological characteristics related to the prevention and treatment of orbital grooves, such as supplementary nutrition, oviposition characteristics and damage characteristics, were studied in this paper. The main findings are as follows: 1. Only 10% ~ 20% of the adults could produce a very small number of sterile eggs if they were not supplied with nutrition after the emergence and unearthed of Orbital Elephant (Orbital Elephant). The fertile eggs can be produced after about 10 days of feeding on Toona sinensis or apple etc. The sprouting seedlings of Toona vulgaris were more fertile when they were 2-3 years old. The total amount of oviposition and hatching rate were significantly higher than those of apple and honey water treatment. 2.2.In the treatment of feeding on apple and honey water, the hatching rate and the total spawning amount were significantly higher than that of apple and honey water. The spawning site and oviposition behavior of the adult of Orbital Elephant were clarified. Under natural conditions, the grooves lay eggs in the soil near Toona sinensis, rather than in the trunk phloem of Toona odorifolium. The gully-orbital elephant uses the beak-assisted oviposition hole to adjust the oviposition of the insect body and cover the egg grains with the spawning apparatus. 3. Soil water content had a significant effect on oviposition of Orphophorus obliquus. There was a positive correlation between the oviposition quantity and soil moisture content. The oviposition amount of the lower furrow orbital elephant in dry sandy soil was significantly lower than that of 10% ~ 15% and very significantly lower than that of 15% / 20% treatment. Whether there is root system in soil and its interaction with soil water content have no significant effect on oviposition of Orbophora grooves. 4. According to Diane's rule, the analysis of the frequency of the dorsal plate and the head shell of the larva shows that it is reasonable to divide the larva into the 6th instar, and that the head shell and the dorsal plate are the better methods to distinguish the larva, and the division of the head shell is more reasonable. 5. The feeding quantity of adult and larva of Orbophorus grooves was measured. The body weight of the larvae increased rapidly at the 3rd instar and the 5th instar at the 2nd and 5th instar. During the 6th instar, the furrow orbital image was ready to pupate, and the body weight decreased. Larva feeding root system formed irregular tunnel, its width and larval body width is similar. Small larva tunnels are usually invisible, and older larva tunnels are mainly spiraling along the root system. 6. The gum-soil complex in the affected root part of Toona odorifolium was dissolved by ethanol. After filtration, the composition of gum after drilling by the Orbital Elephant larva of Toona odorifera was determined. It was found that it was mainly a macromolecular alkane and did not contain volatile components.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S433.5

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