【摘要】：本研究運用ArcGIS和地統(tǒng)計學相結(jié)合的方法研究了北京近郊土壤的pH、容重、有機質(zhì)、全氮、硝態(tài)氮、有效磷和速效鉀七種肥力性質(zhì)的空間結(jié)構(gòu),分析了土壤養(yǎng)分空間變異性的影響因素,應用綜合指數(shù)法進行綜合評價,對其肥力狀況進行了豐缺評價。結(jié)果表明：(1)3月份和11月份采集的0-50cm、50-100cm七種肥力性質(zhì)的變異系數(shù)范圍在1.76-98.51%之間,其中pH的變異系數(shù)最低,僅為1%左右。(2)通過半方差函數(shù)分析,各向同性下,3月份和11月份不同土層七種土壤性質(zhì)主要符合高斯模型和指數(shù)模型,3月份0-50cm和50一100cm土壤各項性質(zhì)含量的變程變化較大,分別為6.65-151.55 km和18.89-166.50 km范圍內(nèi),且七種性質(zhì)在一定間距內(nèi)均存在強烈的空間相關(guān)性,其空間變異主要是由結(jié)構(gòu)性因素引起；11月份0-50cm全氮、有效磷和速效鉀的塊金效應值在0-19%之間,表現(xiàn)出十分強烈的空間自相關(guān)性；而土壤有機質(zhì)和硝態(tài)氮空間相關(guān)性中等,是由隨機因素和結(jié)構(gòu)性因素共同起作用導致的。(3)各向異性下,3月份和11月份不同土層各性質(zhì)在四個方向上,塊金值、基臺值和變程均相同,說明各指標在這四個方向上有趨向于同向性的趨勢,空間變異性不明顯,說明其受母質(zhì)等結(jié)構(gòu)性因素影響較小,受人為施肥,耕作等措施影響較大,使得其空間變異較弱。(4)流域東北部的順義區(qū)土壤過粘重；研究區(qū)土壤整體呈現(xiàn)弱堿性；11月份較3月份土壤有機質(zhì)含量增加,但整個研究區(qū)有機質(zhì)含量均處于中等偏缺乏水平；3月份和11月份土壤全氮和硝態(tài)氮的含量表現(xiàn)出相同的變化趨勢,11月份的較3月份都有大幅下降,3月份北部地區(qū)的表層土壤全氮和硝態(tài)氮含量高于南部地區(qū),呈現(xiàn)塊狀分布；11月份有效磷和速效鉀含量較3月份都有所增加,出現(xiàn)富集現(xiàn)象。但是與北京市土壤養(yǎng)分分級標準來看,整個研究區(qū)各養(yǎng)分狀況都屬于中等偏缺乏水平。(5)昌平東南部和順義西南部3月份表層土壤綜合肥力較高,綜合肥力指數(shù)達到(IFI)0.7,為I級水平區(qū),經(jīng)過一年的種植后,11月份該區(qū)域含量大幅下降,Ⅰ級水平區(qū)由原來的10494 hm2下降為0 hm2,只剩0.33%的區(qū)域處于Ⅱ級水平區(qū),原來大興區(qū)全部區(qū)域和通州區(qū)的城鄉(xiāng)交界處對應的IFI指數(shù)為0.3-0.5的中等偏低肥力區(qū)都下降為0.3的低等至極低等水平區(qū)。因此對于肥力的管理,我們應該進行分區(qū)管理,含量較低的區(qū)域增施有機肥以此來提高土壤肥力,而對于較高的地區(qū)實行控制化肥施用的原則,避免造成土壤富集現(xiàn)象,對區(qū)域農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境造成污染。
[Abstract]:In this study, the spatial structure of pH, bulk density, organic matter, total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in soils of Beijing suburb were studied by means of ArcGIS and geostatistics, and the spatial structures of soil pH, bulk density, organic matter, total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were studied. The influencing factors of spatial variability of soil nutrients were analyzed. The comprehensive index method was used to evaluate the fertility status of soil nutrients. The results are as follows: (1) the coefficient of variation of the seven fertility properties collected in March and November is between 1.76 and 98.51%, and the coefficient of variation of pH is the lowest, and the coefficient of variation between 50 and 100 cm is between 1.76 and 98.51%, among which the coefficient of variation is the lowest. (2) through the analysis of semi-variance function, seven soil properties of different soil layers in March and November are mainly in accordance with Gao Si's model and exponential model, according to the analysis of semi-variance function. In March, the variation range of soil properties of 0-50cm and 50-100cm was 6.65 ~ 151.55 km and 18.89 ~ 166.50 km, respectively, and there was strong spatial correlation among the seven properties within a certain distance. The spatial variation is mainly caused by structural factors. In November, the block gold effect values of total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in 0-50cm were between 0 and 19%, showing a strong spatial autocorrelation. The spatial correlation between soil organic matter and nitrate nitrogen is moderate, which is caused by random factors and structural factors. (3) under anisotropy, the properties of different soil layers in March and November are in four directions, the block gold value. The platform value and variation range are the same, indicating that each index tends to be homogenous in these four directions, and the spatial variability is not obvious, indicating that it is less affected by structural factors such as parent matter, and is greatly affected by artificial fertilization, tillage and other measures. The spatial variation is weak. (4) the soil overviscosity in Shunyi area in the northeast of the basin; The content of soil organic matter in November was higher than that in March, but the content of organic matter in the whole study area was at the level of moderate deficiency. The contents of soil total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen showed the same change trend in March and November, and the contents of total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in the topsoil in the northern part of March were higher than those in the southern part of China, and the contents of total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in the topsoil in the northern part of March were significantly lower than those in March. Block distribution; The contents of available phosphorus and available potassium in November were higher than those in March. However, according to the classification standard of soil nutrients in Beijing, the nutrient status of the whole study area belongs to medium deficiency level. (5) the topsoil comprehensive fertility of southeast Changping and southwestern Shunyi was higher in March. The comprehensive fertility index reached (IFI) 0.7, which was at the level of grade I. After one year of planting, the content of the region decreased significantly in November, from 10494 hm2 to 0 hm2, in the level 鈪，

本文編號：2431876