【摘要】：吉林省洮南市是我國(guó)優(yōu)質(zhì)綠豆產(chǎn)區(qū),也是東北平原綠豆主產(chǎn)區(qū)之一。綠豆與玉米間作模式的提出,能有效抑制玉米病蟲害、綠豆大風(fēng)災(zāi)害的發(fā)生,而且能最大限度的發(fā)揮土地的生態(tài)效益,保障玉米生產(chǎn)及糧食安全,進(jìn)一步增加農(nóng)民收入。本文利用歷年氣象資料,分析出洮南市主要?dú)夂蛱卣?結(jié)合綠豆和玉米的生物學(xué)特性,對(duì)氣候的適應(yīng)性進(jìn)行評(píng)估;研究綠豆和玉米的主要病蟲害的發(fā)生條件及防治方法;利用洮南市1992-2013年氣象資料、1992-2013年綠豆、玉米發(fā)育期和產(chǎn)量實(shí)測(cè)資料、尋找綠豆、玉米關(guān)鍵生育期的關(guān)鍵氣象因子,建立產(chǎn)量預(yù)測(cè)模型;通過對(duì)比試驗(yàn),分析不同比例的間作模式對(duì)產(chǎn)量的影響,決策出最佳間作模式。論文得出如下結(jié)論:(1)洮南市氣候特征:多年平均氣溫5.6℃,變幅為3.4-7.5℃。7月最熱,1月最冷,平均氣溫分別為23.8℃、-15.8℃。53年來氣溫總體呈上升趨勢(shì),傾向率為0.04℃/10a,有利玉米和綠豆生產(chǎn)。洮南市年降雨量378.0mm,降水集中于6-8月。逐年降水量呈波動(dòng)減少趨勢(shì),傾向率為-1.15mm/10a。多年平均日照時(shí)數(shù)2917.2h,平均相對(duì)濕度55%。(2)綠豆主要病蟲害為:病毒病、葉斑病、根腐病、蚜蟲、豆莢螟、綠豆象等;玉米主要病蟲害:玉米大、小斑病、玉米絲黑穗病、玉米螟、粘蟲、地下害蟲等。分析發(fā)生病蟲害的條件,從農(nóng)業(yè)角度提出了防治方法。(3)影響洮南市綠豆氣象產(chǎn)量波動(dòng)的主要?dú)庀笠蜃訛?鼓粒成熟期日照時(shí)數(shù)、開花結(jié)莢期日照時(shí)數(shù)、開花結(jié)莢期降雨量及鼓粒成熟期最低氣溫與氣象產(chǎn)量呈正相關(guān)。分枝期平均氣溫與氣象產(chǎn)量呈負(fù)相關(guān)。(4)通過每旬的光、溫、水與玉米的氣象產(chǎn)量相關(guān)分析,得出8月上旬降水量、8月下旬降水量與氣象產(chǎn)量均存在顯著的正相關(guān)關(guān)系,而8月上旬日照、8月下旬日照、9月上旬日照與氣象產(chǎn)量均存在顯著的負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系。(5)通過6個(gè)不同處理的綠豆和玉米間作試驗(yàn),得到了綠豆和玉米間作最大經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的間作比例是2:1,說明此間作比例充分利用了光、熱、通風(fēng)等條件,滿足了作物生長(zhǎng)對(duì)環(huán)境條件要求。以上研究成果可以為洮南市“綠豆-玉米”間作覆膜模式規(guī)范化技術(shù)推廣,促進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展提供氣象科學(xué)依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Taonan City, Jilin Province, is a high-quality mung bean producing area in China and one of the main mung bean producing areas in Northeast Plain. The model of intercropping between mung bean and corn can effectively restrain the diseases and insect pests of maize and the occurrence of strong wind disaster of mung bean, and it can exert the ecological benefit of land to the maximum extent, guarantee the corn production and grain security, and further increase the income of farmers. Based on the meteorological data of the past years, the main climatic characteristics of Taonan City were analyzed, and the climatic adaptability was evaluated in combination with the biological characteristics of mung bean and maize, and the occurrence conditions and control methods of the main pests and diseases of mung bean and maize were studied. Based on the meteorological data from 1992 to 2013 in Taonan City and the measured data of the development period and yield of mung bean and maize from 1992 to 2013, the key meteorological factors of mung bean and key growth period of maize were searched for, and the yield prediction model was established. The influence of different intercropping patterns on yield was analyzed and the optimal intercropping model was determined by contrast test. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the climatic characteristics of Taonan City: the average temperature of Taonan City is 5.6 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2430768