【摘要】：作為畜牧業(yè)大國,我國每年生豬出欄率達6.6億頭,按照生豬3%的正常死亡率,每年產(chǎn)生的死豬數(shù)量約2000萬頭,若處置不當,必然會產(chǎn)生一系列生態(tài)環(huán)境問題。與常規(guī)處理方法相比,熱解炭化技術(shù)生產(chǎn)豬炭,實現(xiàn)了病死豬無害化處理的同時也避免了傳染和二次污染。豬炭是以畜禽養(yǎng)殖業(yè)中產(chǎn)生的病死豬為原料,經(jīng)高溫熱解后得到的一種新型生物質(zhì)炭,具有孔隙度大,磷、鈣等礦物質(zhì)元素含量高等特點。豬炭輸入土壤被認為是改善土壤肥力并修復重金屬污染土壤的新技術(shù),但在其對土壤中磷的含量及形態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化以和對重金屬有效性及形態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化方面尚缺乏系統(tǒng)深入的研究。本研究以病死豬為生物質(zhì)原料,在650℃下熱解制備初始生物質(zhì)炭,進而利用硝酸(65~68%)浸漬酸化得到改性的生物質(zhì)炭。通過培養(yǎng)試驗,以過磷酸鈣和鈣鎂磷肥為對比材料,考察豬炭及其酸化對土壤磷含量及形態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化的影響,對比研究其與常規(guī)化學磷肥對土壤中磷形態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化的不同影響效果和簡單作用機理。以活性炭和竹炭為對比材料,研究豬炭和酸化豬炭對復合污染土壤(Pb和Zn)中重金屬有效性及其形態(tài)分布的影響。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.與對照相比,施用豬炭和酸化豬炭可使土壤電導率分別提高24%和14%,而對土壤p H無顯著影響。在施加量相同的情況下,酸化豬炭提高土壤活性磷和中穩(wěn)活性磷占全磷百分比的效果優(yōu)于豬炭處理;且與施磷量相同的過磷酸鈣和鈣鎂磷肥處理無顯著差異。與空白對照相比,施用酸化豬炭、豬炭和兩種磷肥均可以顯著(P0.05)提高活性磷的含量,且各處理之間對于活性磷含量的提高無顯著差異;中穩(wěn)活性磷占總磷的百分比提高36.2~77.2%,其變化規(guī)律為:酸化豬炭過磷酸鈣鈣鎂磷肥豬炭;非活性磷占總磷的百分比顯著(P0.05)下降,與活性磷和中穩(wěn)活性磷所占比例均呈顯著(P0.01)負相關(guān)。綜上所述,施用酸化豬炭可以提高土壤中各形態(tài)磷的含量,同時把土壤中非活性磷的比例維持在較低水平。施用酸化豬炭對土壤中各形態(tài)磷含量及轉(zhuǎn)化影響的效果與兩種化學磷肥無顯著差異。在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中,將豬炭經(jīng)酸化處理后來替代過磷酸鈣和鈣鎂磷肥的施用具有潛在的可行性。2.豬炭、活性炭和竹炭的施用均可顯著(P0.05)提高土壤的p H,其中豬炭處理下土壤的p H相比對照提高了1.2個單位。施用酸化豬炭可顯著(P0.05)提高土壤的陽離子交換量(CEC),與對照相比提高了11.3%,而其它處理對土壤CEC無顯著影響。此外,施用豬炭和酸化豬炭還可以顯著(P0.05)提高土壤的有效磷含量,其中酸化豬炭處理分別為豬炭、活性炭和竹炭處理的3.4、94.4和86.2倍。相比于對照,三種生物質(zhì)炭和活性炭處理下均可顯著降低土壤中有效態(tài)Zn的含量,降低量為:豬炭(49.9%)竹炭(34.6%)活性炭(20.2%)酸化豬炭(8.0%)。施用豬炭和酸化豬炭的可使土壤中有效態(tài)Pb分別降低31.1%和60.4%。綜上所述,施用豬炭和酸化豬炭均可提高土壤中各形態(tài)磷的含量,而酸化豬炭的施用對磷含量的影響與兩種化學肥料相當,對提高土壤活性磷的效果比未酸化豬炭更好。同時,施用豬炭還可以有效降低土壤中Pb和Zn的有效性。
[Abstract]:As a big country of animal husbandry, China's pig breeding rate is 6. 600 million in each year. According to the normal mortality rate of 3% of the pig, the number of dead pigs per year is about 20 million, and if the treatment is not proper, a series of ecological environment problems will be generated. Compared with the conventional treatment method, the pyrolysis carbonization technology is used for producing the pig carbon, and the innocent treatment of the dead pig is realized, and the transmission and the secondary pollution are also avoided. The pig carbon is a new type of biomass carbon obtained by high-temperature pyrolysis of the dead pig produced in the livestock and poultry breeding industry, and has the characteristics of high porosity, high content of phosphorus and calcium and the like. Pig carbon input soil is considered to be a new technology to improve the soil fertility and to repair the heavy metal contaminated soil, but there is a lack of systematic in-depth study on the content and form of the phosphorus in the soil and the effect on the effectiveness and morphology of the heavy metals. The initial biomass carbon was prepared by pyrolysis at 650 鈩，

本文編號：2422968