【摘要】：依據(jù)2008~2013年清江流域畜禽養(yǎng)殖數(shù)據(jù),采用排泄系數(shù)法估算了畜禽糞便量,并對各地區(qū)畜禽糞便對耕地和水環(huán)境的污染現(xiàn)狀進行了評價.結果表明:2008~2013年畜禽糞便耕地負荷平均為20.30 t/hm2,對環(huán)境已呈現(xiàn)一定的影響,按照目前增長趨勢,到2016年底清江流域畜糞便負荷將接近限值30 t/hm2,此時畜禽養(yǎng)殖對當?shù)氐沫h(huán)境將呈現(xiàn)較嚴重的影響.各種污染物中年均產(chǎn)生量最大的是COD 223057.59 t,占污染物產(chǎn)生總量的39.72%,最小的是NH3-N 18433.59 t,僅占污染物產(chǎn)生總量的3.48%.各種污染物因子中對水體影響最大的是TN、TP,等標排放率分別為40.43%和34.58%.畜禽養(yǎng)殖業(yè)中生豬、羊、牛和家禽養(yǎng)殖對水體污染的貢獻率分別為55.83%,26.41%,14.06%和3.68%.在清江流域10個縣市中,對水體污染的貢獻最大的是宜都縣,貢獻為16.33%,其余依次為長陽縣、恩施市、利川市、巴東縣、建始縣、宣恩縣、咸豐縣、五峰縣和鶴峰縣,其對水體污染的貢獻分別為14.68%,13.24%,11.69%,10.72%,9.90%,6.78%,6.66%,5.20%和4.80%.
[Abstract]:Based on the data of livestock and poultry breeding in Qingjiang River Basin from 2008 to 2013, the excretion coefficient method was used to estimate the amount of livestock and poultry feces, and the pollution status of livestock and poultry feces to cultivated land and water environment in various regions was evaluated. The results showed that the average load of livestock and poultry manure was 20.30 t / hm ~ 2 from 2008 to 2013, which had a certain impact on the environment. According to the current increasing trend, the load of livestock manure in Qingjiang River Basin by the end of 2016 would be close to the limit value of 30 t / hm ~ (2). At this time, livestock and poultry breeding will have a serious impact on the local environment. Among all kinds of pollutants, the largest annual production is COD 223057.59 t, accounting for 39.72 t of total pollutant production, and the smallest is NH3-N 18433.59 t, which only accounts for 3.48 t of total pollutant production. Among all kinds of pollutant factors, the TN,TP, iso-standard discharge rate was 40.43% and 34.58% respectively. The contribution rates of pig, sheep, cattle and poultry to water pollution were 55.83%, 26.41% and 3.68%, respectively. Of the 10 counties and cities in the Qingjiang River Basin, Yidu County contributed the most to water pollution, with 16.33 contributions. The rest were Changyang County, Enshi City, Lichuan City, Badong County, Jianshi County, Xuanen County, Xianfeng County, Wufeng County and Hefeng County. Its contribution to water pollution is 14.68 and 13.24 and 11.692.It is 9.90 and 6.78, 5.20 percent and 4.80 percent respectively.
【作者單位】： 中南民族大學資源與環(huán)境學院湖北省重金屬廢水處理與回用工程技術研究中心;
【基金】：湖北省自然科學基金資助項目(2015CFC888) 中央高校基本科研業(yè)務專項(CZW15075,CZW15037)
【分類號】：X713

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