黑龍江省東部林區(qū)耕作生態(tài)系統(tǒng)土壤微生物群落結構研究
[Abstract]:In this paper, four different fertilization treatments (application of organic fertilizer, application of inorganic fertilizer, organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer and field forest land), quick-acting phosphorus, quick-acting potassium, total nitrogen and organic matter in the soil were studied with the representative samples of the tahe, the belt and the Maoershan in Heilongjiang Province as the latitude geodesic. the spatial distribution and the law of the activity of the soil enzymes such as the physical and chemical factors such as the pH value and the catalase, the yeast enzyme, the sucrose enzyme, the cellulase, the neutral phosphatase and the like, and the community structure of the microorganisms (bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes) in the cultivated soil are analyzed, The relationship between the microbial and the physical and chemical factors was analyzed, and the effects of different fertilization treatments on the physical and chemical properties, the activity of the soil and the diversity of the microbial community were discussed. The research on the soil of different latitude in Heilongjiang province can provide the theoretical parameters for evaluating the sustainable development of the system for the future research on the nutrient elements circulation, the degradation of the animal and plant residues, the damage of the disease and the soil, and so on. The main research results are as follows: (1) The soil physical and chemical properties of the soil of Tahe, the belt and the Maoershan in the eastern forest region of Heilongjiang Province are measured, and the characteristics of the physical and chemical properties of the soil under different fertilization treatments are summarized by the analysis of the descriptive characteristics of the seven physical and chemical properties. The results showed that the content of quick-acting potassium (AK), total phosphorus (TP) and organic matter (OM) in the cultivated soil decreased with the latitude, and the highest in the Tahe area, followed by the belt ridge and the Maoershan. The total nitrogen (TN) and the pH value were increased with the decrease of the latitude. The variation trend of quick-acting phosphorus and water content is the same as that of the Maoershan, the Tahe River. (2) The soil enzyme activity of the farming ecosystem in the eastern forest area of Heilongjiang province was analyzed. The results showed that the activity of the catalase and the sucrose in the Tahe, the belt and the Maoershan soil decreased with the decrease of the latitude, and the activity of the catalase and the neutral phosphatase decreased firstly, The activity of cellulase was first raised and then decreased. (3) the microorganisms in the soil of the Tahe, the belt and the Maoershan cultivation soil are counted, separated and purified by adopting a dilution coating plate method, and the obtained bacteria are subjected to morphological identification and physiological and biochemical experiments, and are identified according to the Berger's bacterium identification manual and the eighth edition, The results showed that the total number of the soil microorganisms in each sample point was: the bacterial actinomycete fungi, and the number of the three large microorganisms in the organic fertilizer and the organic fertilizer treated with the inorganic fertilizer was significantly higher than that of the field forest land. The number of bacteria and the number of actinomycetes were lower than that in the field, except that the number of fungi was higher than that in the field. The bacteria: 57, 43, 63, and fungi: 27, 28, 22, actinomycete, 27, 31, and 52, respectively. The obtained 163 strains belong to 29 genera, 77 fungi belong to 23 genera, 110 actinomycetes belong to 16 species of bacteria, and Azatobacter and Bacillus are all of the bacteria belonging to each other and are all the dominant species of the genus; the genus Sopulariopsis, The genus Chaetomium, the genus Neurospora, the Cephalosporium, the genus Aureobasidium, and the Penicillium are all the dominant species of the genus Penicillium, and the species of actinomycetes in the cultivated soil in various regions is small; There is a specific genus of bacteria in every place, showing the effect of environmental heterogeneity on the species and distribution of microorganisms. (4) The diversity of the structure of the microbial community in the Tahe, the belt and the Maoershan mountain is analyzed. The results show that the diversity index of the three sampling points in the eastern forest region of Heilongjiang Province is the diversity index: the Maoershan Tahe belt and the evenness index: the Tahe River and the richness index of the Maoershan Tahe. and the diversity index of the organic fertilizer with the inorganic fertilizer treatment sample is higher than that of other treatments. (5) The typical correspondence analysis (CCA) of soil microbial community and quick-acting potassium (AK), total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), quick-acting phosphorus (AP), organic matter (OM), pH, water content (MC) and other physical and chemical indexes of the soil microbial community in every field of cultivation were carried out. The results show that total nitrogen (TN), quick-acting phosphorus (AP) and quick-acting potassium (AK) are the main environmental factors that affect the microbial community structure of the cultivated soil.
【學位授予單位】:哈爾濱師范大學
【學位級別】:碩士
【學位授予年份】:2015
【分類號】:S154.36
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