【摘要】：以古爾班通古特沙漠南緣典型流域(瑪納斯河、吉木薩爾河、三工河、四工河、水磨河)的綠洲農(nóng)田與毗鄰荒漠土壤為研究對(duì)象,采用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)方法分析不同開(kāi)墾年限的土壤微生物生物量、群落結(jié)構(gòu)、多樣性變化特征。結(jié)果表明:荒漠開(kāi)墾后,土壤微生物總PLFA含量、真菌PLFA、細(xì)菌PLFA、革蘭氏陽(yáng)性菌(G~+)和革蘭氏陰性菌(G-)PLFA含量均顯著增加�；哪_(kāi)墾5 a內(nèi),細(xì)菌PLFA與G-PLFA增長(zhǎng)更強(qiáng)烈,使得真菌PLFA/細(xì)菌PLFA比值降低了48%,G~+PLFA/G-PLFA比值(革蘭氏陽(yáng)性菌與革蘭氏陰性菌的PLFA比值)降低了67%。但隨著開(kāi)墾年限的延長(zhǎng),這兩個(gè)比值沒(méi)有顯著變化,表明與開(kāi)墾年限相比,荒漠的開(kāi)墾行為對(duì)土壤微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)有著更加強(qiáng)烈的影響。隨著開(kāi)墾年限的增加,土壤微生物群落多樣性總體呈上升趨勢(shì)。雖然荒漠在開(kāi)墾50 a后多樣性指數(shù)略有下降,但仍遠(yuǎn)高于荒漠土壤。土壤微生物總PLFA含量和大部分菌群PLFA含量與土壤電導(dǎo)率顯著負(fù)相關(guān),與全氮和有機(jī)碳顯著正相關(guān)�；哪陂_(kāi)墾過(guò)程中灌溉增加了土壤水分且降低了土壤鹽分,全氮和有機(jī)碳含量增加,這些改變是土壤微生物群落變化的主要原因�；哪_(kāi)墾有助于提高土壤微生物PLFA含量、改善土壤微生物的群落結(jié)構(gòu)、豐富土壤微生物群落多樣性,有利于土壤質(zhì)量的提高。
[Abstract]:The oasis farmland and adjacent desert soil in the typical watershed (Manas River, Jimusar River, Sangong River, Simo River) in the southern margin of Guerbantungute Desert were studied. The changes of soil microbial biomass, community structure and diversity in different reclamation years were analyzed by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) method. The results showed that the total PLFA content of soil microorganism, the content of PLFA, Gram-positive bacteria (G-) and G- PLFA of fungal PLFA, bacteria increased significantly after desert reclamation. During 5 years of desert reclamation, the increase of bacterial PLFA and G-PLFA was stronger, which reduced the PLFA ratio of fungal PLFA/ bacteria to 48% G ~ PLFA/G-PLFA ratio (PLFA ratio of Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria) decreased 67%. However, with the extension of reclamation years, these two ratios did not change significantly, which indicated that the reclaimed behavior of desert had a stronger effect on the soil microbial community structure than that of reclamation years. The diversity of soil microbial communities increased with the increase of reclamation years. Although the diversity index of desert decreased slightly after 50 years of reclamation, it was still much higher than desert soil. The total PLFA content of soil microorganism and the PLFA content of most microflora were negatively correlated with soil conductivity, but positively correlated with total nitrogen and organic carbon. During the process of desert reclamation, irrigation increased soil moisture, decreased soil salinity, and increased total nitrogen and organic carbon content, which were the main reasons for the change of soil microbial community. Desert reclamation can improve the PLFA content of soil microorganisms, improve the community structure of soil microorganisms, enrich the diversity of soil microbial communities, and improve soil quality.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)科學(xué)院新疆生態(tài)與地理研究所荒漠與綠洲國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;中國(guó)科學(xué)院大學(xué);中國(guó)科學(xué)院新疆生態(tài)與地理研究所阜康荒漠生態(tài)系統(tǒng)國(guó)家站;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(41671114,41301102)
【分類號(hào)】：S154.3

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