【摘要】：黃連為毛茛科植物黃連(Coptis chinensis Franch.)、三角葉黃連(Coptis deltoidea C.Y.Cheng et Hsiao)或云連(Coptis teeta Wall.)的干燥根莖。藥材依次稱為“味連”、“雅連”、“云連”。黃連具有清熱燥濕、瀉火解毒的功效,為名貴的大宗藥材,具有兩千多年的藥用歷史,在《神農(nóng)本草經(jīng)》中列為上品[1]。據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計,13部宋代以前古代方書中共有方劑3.2萬,其中含黃連的方劑有1760方,約占5%[2]。目前,由于野生黃連的過度采挖,致使野生資源瀕臨枯竭,然而隨著國際上應(yīng)用天然藥物的熱潮高漲,黃連的需求量卻進一步增加,以上種種因素引起人們對黃連的特別關(guān)注。以前對黃連的研究多集中在化學(xué)成分、藥理作用等方面,在產(chǎn)地適宜性區(qū)劃研究方面較少。而且以往中藥材的生態(tài)適宜性區(qū)劃研究長期停留在依靠傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)驗和單個氣候因子、單個產(chǎn)地的基礎(chǔ)上,效率低、準確性差,研究停留在定性和簡單定量的分析階段。近年來,3S(遙感技術(shù)-RS、地理信息系統(tǒng)-GIS、全球定位系統(tǒng)-GPS)技術(shù)以及生態(tài)位理論技術(shù)的發(fā)展和成熟為中藥材資源區(qū)劃研究提供了先進的技術(shù)支撐。本文首次采用高效液相色譜法同時對黃連藥材中7種生物堿成分進行了含量測定研究;以各生物堿及總生物堿的含量為指標按省份分組進行統(tǒng)計分析,初步確定了最優(yōu)黃連產(chǎn)區(qū)為湖北恩施、利川以及重慶等地。同時在生態(tài)位模型理論的指導(dǎo)下,利用最大信息熵模型對黃連進行適生性的研究,結(jié)合統(tǒng)計學(xué)理論知識對采樣點的生境適宜度值進行分等,并以ArcGIS軟件輸出黃連生長適宜性等級圖,結(jié)果表明,生境適宜度范圍為[0-1],值大于0.7798的區(qū)域為黃連的最適宜生長區(qū)域,從數(shù)據(jù)以及圖形中可以看出,這些區(qū)域包括湖北恩施、利川,重慶石柱、開縣等。生態(tài)因子常常影響著藥材有效成分的積累,本文在利用最大信息熵模型進行適生區(qū)域研究的同時,將獲取的影響黃連生長的主要生態(tài)因子與黃連的質(zhì)量信息進行了相關(guān)性分析,明確了黃連總生物堿與生態(tài)因子之間的關(guān)系,并從中選取了海拔、2月降水量、9月降水量、等溫性4個關(guān)鍵因子做品質(zhì)等級劃分,并利用ArcGIS軟件進行品質(zhì)影響分析,得到每個因子的品質(zhì)等級圖和因子等級疊加圖以及最終黃連品質(zhì)區(qū)劃等級圖。
[Abstract]:Rhizoma Coptidis is a plant of Ranunculaceae, (Coptis chinensis Franch.), (Coptis deltoidea C.Y.Cheng et Hsiao) or (Coptis teeta Wall.) Dry rhizome. Medicinal materials are called "Weilian", "Yalen", "Yunlian" in turn. Rhizoma Coptidis has the function of clearing away heat and dampness, reducing fire and detoxifying. It is a valuable medicinal material with a medicinal history of more than 2000 years, which is listed as the top grade in Shennong Herbal Classic [1]. According to incomplete statistics, there were 32000 prescriptions in 13 ancient books before Song Dynasty, among which 1760 prescriptions contained Coptis, accounting for about 5% [2]. At present, the wild resources are on the verge of exhaustion due to the excessive exploitation of wild Coptis chinensis. However, with the upsurge of the international application of natural drugs, the demand of Coptis chinensis has increased further. All these factors have caused people to pay special attention to Coptis chinensis. Previous studies on Coptis chinensis were mainly focused on chemical constituents, pharmacological effects and so on. In the past, the study of ecological suitability regionalization of traditional Chinese medicinal materials remained on the basis of traditional experience, single climatic factors, single producing area, low efficiency and poor accuracy, and the study remained at the stage of qualitative and quantitative analysis. In recent years, the development and maturity of 3s (remote sensing technology-RS, Geographic Information system-GIS, Global Positioning system-GPS) technology and niche theory technology have provided advanced technical support for the study of Chinese herbal medicine resource regionalization. The content of 7 alkaloids in Coptis chinensis was determined by HPLC for the first time. Taking the contents of alkaloids and total alkaloids as indicators, the authors analyzed the statistical analysis by provinces, and preliminarily determined that the optimal production areas of Coptis chinensis were Enshi of Hubei, Lichuan and Chongqing, and so on. At the same time, under the guidance of niche model theory, the maximum information entropy model was used to study the adaptability of Coptis chinensis (Rhizoma Coptidis). The results show that the range of habitat suitability is [0-1], and the region with a value greater than 0.7798 is the most suitable growth area for Coptis chinensis, which can be seen from the data and figures. These areas include Hubei Enshi, Lichuan, Chongqing Shizhu, Kaixian and so on. Ecological factors often affect the accumulation of effective components of medicinal materials. In this paper, the main ecological factors affecting the growth of Coptis chinensis and the quality information of Coptis chinensis were analyzed by using the maximum information entropy model. The relationship between total alkaloids and ecological factors of Coptis chinensis was clarified, and four key factors, including elevation, February precipitation, September precipitation and isothermal precipitation, were selected for quality grading, and the quality impact analysis was carried out by using ArcGIS software. The quality grade map of each factor, the superposition map of factor grade and the final quality zonation map of Coptis chinensis were obtained.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖北中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S127;S567.52

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