發(fā)布時間：2019-01-05 04:08

【摘要】：目前,環(huán)境污染日益嚴(yán)重。其中水體污染已經(jīng)成為全球性的環(huán)境問題之一,水體污染來源于各種有毒物質(zhì)的排放,其中化學(xué)農(nóng)藥產(chǎn)生的污染越來越嚴(yán)重,人們的健康受到了極大的威脅。本研究的生物材料是尾柱蟲,測定了百菌清、敵百蟲、多菌靈對尾柱蟲24h半致死濃度,根據(jù)這個濃度,找到了三種化學(xué)農(nóng)藥影響尾柱蟲分裂次數(shù)的最低有效濃度。進行大樣本實驗,將尾柱蟲放置在裝著不同濃度藥物的凹坑中進行單克隆培養(yǎng),采用逐日分離法來研究尾柱蟲的數(shù)量變化,每天觀察并記錄蟲體的分裂次數(shù),168h為一個研究周期,其結(jié)果與對照組比較,以此來觀察不同毒物的不同濃度對尾柱蟲分裂次數(shù)的影響,用spss軟件進行方差分析,得出實驗組與對照組差異顯著的最低有效濃度范圍,以期對百菌清、敵百蟲、多菌靈毒性評價提供參考依據(jù)。本實驗的結(jié)果表明:百菌清、敵百蟲、多菌靈對尾柱蟲的24 h半致死濃度分別為0.523mg/L,0.077mg/L,0.677mg/L,使尾柱蟲分裂次數(shù)發(fā)生顯著變化的最低有效濃度分別為0.087~0.105mg/L,0.0138~0.0167mg/L,0.161~0.193 mg/L�；貧w分析表明,死亡概率單位與濃度對數(shù)之間存在著線性關(guān)系,隨著藥物溶液濃度的升高尾柱蟲存活數(shù)量變少。百菌清、敵百蟲、多菌靈對尾柱蟲在168 h內(nèi)的慢性毒理作用表現(xiàn)為抑制蟲體的分裂次數(shù),實驗組尾柱蟲每24 h的分裂次數(shù)逐漸降低。多數(shù)毒理實驗,測定的是藥品對生物的致死濃度和半致死濃度,無論是使受試生物全部死亡還是使受試生物半數(shù)死亡,其濃度都能作為衡量存在水或土壤中的毒物對水生生物的毒性大小的重要參數(shù)。但這個濃度相對于只影響尾柱蟲細(xì)胞分裂次數(shù)而的濃度而言,則很高了。事實上,影響尾柱蟲細(xì)胞正常分裂次數(shù)的濃度已經(jīng)影響到了生物體的正常生命活動了,這屬于生物體對微量毒素的細(xì)微生理反應(yīng)只用致死或半致死的濃度指標(biāo)是不能充分、客觀反應(yīng)出來。實驗結(jié)果表明利用檢測尾柱蟲的分裂次數(shù)來監(jiān)測水環(huán)境或土壤中微量化學(xué)農(nóng)藥的毒性是更客觀、更科學(xué)的,并且為毒理實驗及環(huán)境監(jiān)測提供新的參考數(shù)據(jù),是對毒理學(xué)指標(biāo)的一個有益補充。
[Abstract]:At present, environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious. Among them, water pollution has become one of the global environmental problems. Water pollution comes from the discharge of various toxic substances. Among them, the pollution caused by chemical pesticides is becoming more and more serious, and the health of people has been greatly threatened. In this study, the biological material of this study was Trichoderma tinctorius. The 24 h lethal concentration of chlorothalonil, trichlorfon and carbendazim was determined. According to this concentration, the lowest effective concentration of three kinds of chemical pesticides affecting the number of mitosis of C. caudata was found. A large sample experiment was carried out. Monoclonal culture was carried out in a pit containing different concentrations of drugs. The diurnal separation method was used to study the change of the number of the parasites, and the number of division of the parasite was observed and recorded every day. 168h was a period of study. The results were compared with those of the control group to observe the effect of different concentrations of poison on the number of mitosis of C. caudata. The variance analysis was carried out with spss software. The minimum effective concentration range of the experimental group and the control group was obtained, in order to provide reference for the toxicity evaluation of chlorothalonil, trichlorfon and carbendazim. The results showed that the 24 h lethal concentrations of chlorothalonil, trichlorfon and carbendazim were 0.523 mg / L 0.077 mg / L and 0.677 mg / L, respectively. The minimum effective concentrations for significant changes in the frequency of mitosis were 0.087mg / L 0.0138mg / L 0.0167mg / L 0.161mg / L 0.193 mg/L., respectively. Regression analysis showed that there was a linear relationship between the death probability unit and the logarithm of concentration. The chronic toxicological effect of chlorothalonil, trichlorfon and carbendazim on the tail pillar worm within 168 h was to inhibit the number of division of the insect body, but the number of division of the experimental group decreased gradually every 24 hours. In most toxicological experiments, the lethal and semi-lethal concentrations of drugs against organisms are measured, whether by killing all the tested organisms or half of the tested organisms. Its concentration can be used as an important parameter to measure the toxicity of toxic substances in water or soil to aquatic organisms. But this concentration is higher than the concentration that affects only the number of cell division. In fact, the concentration that affects the number of normal division times in the cells of the tail pillar worm has already affected the normal life activity of the organism, which is that the subtle physiological response of the organism to the trace toxin is not sufficient only by lethal or semi-lethal concentration indicators. The objective reaction came out. The results show that it is more objective and scientific to detect the toxicity of trace chemical pesticides in water environment or soil by detecting the splitting times of Phellodendron tinctorius, and to provide new reference data for toxicological experiments and environmental monitoring. It is a useful supplement to toxicology index.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X592

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本文編號：2401244