【摘要】：甘蔗是我國重要的糖料經(jīng)濟作物,廣西省是最大的甘蔗種植區(qū)之一,占全國的60%以上。甘蔗螟蟲是甘蔗的主要害蟲,其中以條螟和二點螟的危害最為猖獗。防治的方法有多種,其中生物防治越來越多的受到關(guān)注。本文主要針對寄生二點螟和條螟的卵寄生蜂進行調(diào)查,并展開田間種類調(diào)查、鑒定以及室內(nèi)的一些抗性測定以及田間應用示范等研究,得到了以下結(jié)果：1.甘蔗螟蟲主要卵寄生蜂種類在廣西各個蔗區(qū)寄生的螟蟲卵寄生蜂主要有以下幾種：黑卵蜂(Telenomus spp)螟黃赤眼蜂(Trichogramma chilonis)和玉米螟赤眼蜂(Trichogramma ostriniae)2.赤眼蜂的生物學特性及抗性赤眼蜂對中間寄主的適應性方面：從寄生量、出蜂量、壽命等指標均可以得出螟黃赤眼蜂占有一定的優(yōu)勢,寄生米蛾卵的數(shù)量較多,壽命較長。赤眼蜂對溫度的敏感性研究中,在溫度為26℃,赤眼蜂的寄生量和出蜂量等達到最佳。赤眼蜂的壽命會隨著溫度的降低而延長；在26—18℃間寄生量在會隨著溫度的降低有所增加,但是羽化率卻顯著下降；赤眼蜂的雌雄性比會隨著溫度的降低而有所提高；玉米螟赤眼蜂對溫度更為敏感。赤眼蜂前四個蟲態(tài)對農(nóng)藥的敏感性表現(xiàn)：預蛹期和蛹期的敏感性大于卵期和幼蟲期的敏感性。對于赤眼蜂成蜂來講,在所選取的4種農(nóng)藥中,殺蟲雙對赤眼蜂的毒性最大,LR50在7.98xlO~(-6)mg/cm~2以上。依次是吡蟲啉、阿維菌素、氯蟲苯甲酰胺。3.赤眼蜂的應用效果研究田間釋放赤眼蜂可有效提高甘蔗前期的螟卵蜂寄生率,降低甘蔗成熟期的螟害株率和螟害節(jié)率,增加有效莖數(shù)和產(chǎn)量,但是在生產(chǎn)上利用其控制甘蔗苗期螟害枯心率的效果不是很顯著,沒有明顯的優(yōu)勢。
[Abstract]:Sugarcane is an important sugar crop in China. Guangxi is one of the largest sugarcane growing areas, accounting for more than 60% of the country. Sugarcane borer is the main pest of sugarcane. There are a variety of control methods, of which more and more attention has been paid to biological control. In this paper, we investigated the egg parasitoids of B. suppressalis and B. borer, and carried out field investigation, identification, some indoor resistance tests and field application demonstration. The results were as follows: 1. The main egg parasitic wasps of sugarcane borer in Guangxi are as follows: (Telenomus spp) (Trichogramma chilonis) and (Trichogramma ostriniae) 2. The biological characteristics of Trichogramma and the adaptability of resistant Trichogramma to intermediate hosts: from the parasitism quantity, the number of bees out, the longevity of Trichogramma borer, it can be concluded that Trichogramma borer has a certain advantage, the number of parasitic eggs of Trichogramma bovis is more, and the longevity of Trichogramma is longer. In the study of the sensitivity of Trichogramma to temperature, the parasitic amount and the number of bees out of Trichogramma reached the best when the temperature was 26 鈩，

本文編號：2386545