重慶不同類型農(nóng)村生活垃圾產(chǎn)源特征及其堆肥化研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-18 18:14
【摘要】：隨著農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展、農(nóng)村居民生活水平的提高,重慶地區(qū)農(nóng)村生活垃圾產(chǎn)量逐漸增加、已成為影響農(nóng)村生產(chǎn)生活的重要因素,必須引起高度重視,但目前關(guān)于重慶農(nóng)村生活垃圾的研究不多,也缺乏適宜的處理技術(shù)。堆肥后農(nóng)地利用是易分解生活垃圾資源化的一條有效途徑,但堆肥產(chǎn)品肥效低、其中的重金屬含量高成為限制垃圾堆肥產(chǎn)品農(nóng)用的關(guān)鍵問題。研究表明,城市污泥與生活垃圾進(jìn)行混合堆肥,可起到改善堆肥物料的物理結(jié)構(gòu)、調(diào)節(jié)C/N比、增加堆體氮含量、提高堆肥品質(zhì)的作用,但關(guān)于污泥添加的比例,不同研究者獲得的結(jié)果不同。針對(duì)以上問題,本文選擇了重慶江津區(qū)慈云鎮(zhèn)涼河村、龍華鎮(zhèn)燕壩村、蔡家鎮(zhèn)鴛鴦村及巴南區(qū)界石鎮(zhèn)武新村4個(gè)不同類型的村莊,對(duì)其農(nóng)村生活垃圾產(chǎn)生特征及處理處置方式進(jìn)行了調(diào)查,研究了生活垃圾與污泥聯(lián)合堆肥的可行性并確定污泥添加的最佳比例。獲得的主要結(jié)果如下：1)研究區(qū)域4個(gè)村落的農(nóng)村人均生活垃圾分別為0.226±0.168、0.286±0.203、0.217±0.124、0.282±0.123 kg/(人·d),以燕壩村和武新村產(chǎn)生量最高、新農(nóng)村社區(qū)涼河村次之,鴛鴦村最低。4個(gè)村的垃圾均以可作為飼料或發(fā)酵處理的易腐解有機(jī)垃圾為主,占總量的45.0%-55.0%,其次為包裝紙和塑料包裝袋類,其他成分含量相對(duì)較低。根據(jù)農(nóng)村生活垃圾的這種特征,易選用堆肥技術(shù)對(duì)其進(jìn)行處置。2)除鴛鴦村生活垃圾常年無人管理外,其余3個(gè)村的生活垃圾處理方式主要是：距離垃圾收集圈(房)的較近農(nóng)戶采用“村收集-鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)-區(qū)處理”的模式進(jìn)行處理。距離較遠(yuǎn)的農(nóng)戶大多采取混合在一起隨意丟棄在田邊、竹林、小溪或廢舊房屋邊。3)添加污泥使堆體pH、容重增加,電導(dǎo)率降低,但EC值均大于4.0mScm-1。有機(jī)碳含量隨堆肥過程的進(jìn)行呈降低趨勢(shì),但降低幅度隨污泥添加量的增加而降低。隨污泥添加量的增加,堆體中的氮、磷含量提高,說明添加20%的污泥更有利于提高堆肥產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量。4)添加污泥使堆體的腐殖化程度降低,以添加量為20%時(shí)降低程度最大。添加污泥后堆體中的重金屬Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd的總量及有效量均增加。腐殖化過程中,HA與Cu、Zn的親和力較差,因此HA與Cu、Zn結(jié)合不是堆肥鈍化Cu和Zn的主要途徑；HA與Cd、Pb的親和力較強(qiáng),且HA-Cd含量遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于有效Cd和FA-Cd含量,可通過提高胡富比來降低堆肥中有效Cd和有效Pb的含量。5)垃圾堆肥過程對(duì)發(fā)芽指數(shù)的影響可分為3個(gè)階段,分別為：抑制發(fā)芽階段(0.293～0.303),上升(0.743～0.832)和下降階段(0.515～0.620),均達(dá)到堆肥基本無毒化要求,且添加不同量污泥對(duì)GI值的影響不大。
[Abstract]:With the development of the rural economy and the improvement of the living standard of the rural residents, the output of rural domestic waste in Chongqing area has gradually increased, which has become an important factor affecting the rural production and life, and must be attached great importance to. However, there are few researches on Chongqing rural domestic waste and lack of appropriate treatment technology. The utilization of agricultural land after composting is an effective way to decompose MSW easily, but the fertilizer efficiency of compost products is low, and the high content of heavy metals is the key problem to limit the agricultural use of MSW compost products. The results show that the mixed composting of municipal sludge and municipal solid waste can improve the physical structure of compost materials, adjust the C / N ratio, increase the nitrogen content and improve the composting quality. Different researchers obtained different results. In view of the above problems, this paper chooses four different types of villages: Lianghe Village, Ciyun Town, Chongqing, Yanba Village, Longhua Town, Yuanyang Village in Cai Jia Town and Wuxin Village in Jieshi Town, Banan District. In this paper, the characteristics and disposal of rural domestic waste were investigated, the feasibility of composting of domestic waste and sludge was studied and the optimum proportion of sludge was determined. The main results were as follows: 1) the per capita MSW per capita in four villages in the study area was 0.226 鹵0.168 鹵0.286 鹵0.203 鹵0.217 鹵0.124 鹵0.282 鹵0.123 kg/ (the highest amount of human d), was produced in Yanba Village and Wuxin Village). In the new rural community, Lianghe Village was the second, and Yuanyang Village was the lowest. The waste of the four villages was mainly perishable organic waste which could be treated as feed or fermentation, accounting for 45.0% -55.0% of the total, followed by wrapping paper and plastic wrappers. The content of other components is relatively low. According to this characteristic of rural domestic waste, it is easy to choose composting technology to dispose of it. 2) except for mandarin duck village, the garbage is unmanaged all year round. The treatment methods of domestic waste in the other three villages were as follows: the rural households close to the garbage collection ring (house) adopted the mode of "village collection-township transportation-district treatment". The farmers who are far away mostly adopt mixing together and discard randomly at the edge of field, bamboo forest, creek or old house. 3) adding sludge can increase the bulk density of pH, and decrease the electrical conductivity, but the EC value is more than 4.0 mScm-1. The content of organic carbon decreased with the composting process, but decreased with the increase of sludge addition. The content of nitrogen and phosphorus in the reactor increased with the increase of sludge addition, which indicated that the addition of 20% sludge was more beneficial to improve the quality of composting products. 4) the humification degree of the reactor was reduced with the addition of sludge. To add 20 when the maximum reduction. The total and effective amount of heavy metal Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd in the reactor increased after sludge was added. In the process of humification, the affinity between HA and Cu,Zn was poor, so the combination of HA and Cu,Zn was not the main way to passivate Cu and Zn. The affinity of HA to Cd,Pb was stronger, and the content of HA-Cd was much higher than that of effective Cd and FA-Cd. The content of available Cd and available Pb in compost can be reduced by increasing Hu Fu ratio. 5) the effect of composting process on germination index can be divided into three stages: inhibiting germination stage (0.293% 0.303). The increase (0.743 ~ 0.832) and the decreasing stage (0.515 ~ 0.620) reached the requirement of non-toxic composting, and the addition of different amount of sludge had little effect on the GI value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X799.3;S141.4
本文編號(hào)：2386283
[Abstract]:With the development of the rural economy and the improvement of the living standard of the rural residents, the output of rural domestic waste in Chongqing area has gradually increased, which has become an important factor affecting the rural production and life, and must be attached great importance to. However, there are few researches on Chongqing rural domestic waste and lack of appropriate treatment technology. The utilization of agricultural land after composting is an effective way to decompose MSW easily, but the fertilizer efficiency of compost products is low, and the high content of heavy metals is the key problem to limit the agricultural use of MSW compost products. The results show that the mixed composting of municipal sludge and municipal solid waste can improve the physical structure of compost materials, adjust the C / N ratio, increase the nitrogen content and improve the composting quality. Different researchers obtained different results. In view of the above problems, this paper chooses four different types of villages: Lianghe Village, Ciyun Town, Chongqing, Yanba Village, Longhua Town, Yuanyang Village in Cai Jia Town and Wuxin Village in Jieshi Town, Banan District. In this paper, the characteristics and disposal of rural domestic waste were investigated, the feasibility of composting of domestic waste and sludge was studied and the optimum proportion of sludge was determined. The main results were as follows: 1) the per capita MSW per capita in four villages in the study area was 0.226 鹵0.168 鹵0.286 鹵0.203 鹵0.217 鹵0.124 鹵0.282 鹵0.123 kg/ (the highest amount of human d), was produced in Yanba Village and Wuxin Village). In the new rural community, Lianghe Village was the second, and Yuanyang Village was the lowest. The waste of the four villages was mainly perishable organic waste which could be treated as feed or fermentation, accounting for 45.0% -55.0% of the total, followed by wrapping paper and plastic wrappers. The content of other components is relatively low. According to this characteristic of rural domestic waste, it is easy to choose composting technology to dispose of it. 2) except for mandarin duck village, the garbage is unmanaged all year round. The treatment methods of domestic waste in the other three villages were as follows: the rural households close to the garbage collection ring (house) adopted the mode of "village collection-township transportation-district treatment". The farmers who are far away mostly adopt mixing together and discard randomly at the edge of field, bamboo forest, creek or old house. 3) adding sludge can increase the bulk density of pH, and decrease the electrical conductivity, but the EC value is more than 4.0 mScm-1. The content of organic carbon decreased with the composting process, but decreased with the increase of sludge addition. The content of nitrogen and phosphorus in the reactor increased with the increase of sludge addition, which indicated that the addition of 20% sludge was more beneficial to improve the quality of composting products. 4) the humification degree of the reactor was reduced with the addition of sludge. To add 20 when the maximum reduction. The total and effective amount of heavy metal Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd in the reactor increased after sludge was added. In the process of humification, the affinity between HA and Cu,Zn was poor, so the combination of HA and Cu,Zn was not the main way to passivate Cu and Zn. The affinity of HA to Cd,Pb was stronger, and the content of HA-Cd was much higher than that of effective Cd and FA-Cd. The content of available Cd and available Pb in compost can be reduced by increasing Hu Fu ratio. 5) the effect of composting process on germination index can be divided into three stages: inhibiting germination stage (0.293% 0.303). The increase (0.743 ~ 0.832) and the decreasing stage (0.515 ~ 0.620) reached the requirement of non-toxic composting, and the addition of different amount of sludge had little effect on the GI value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X799.3;S141.4
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