黑土區(qū)小流域土壤營養(yǎng)元素空間分異規(guī)律研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-12 10:57
【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟快速發(fā)展和人類社會的進(jìn)步,生態(tài)環(huán)境受到越來越多的重視,全國土壤污染防治行動計劃逐步開展,土壤質(zhì)量水平是人們關(guān)注的焦點。黑土區(qū)海溝河小流域位于黑龍江西南地區(qū),研究區(qū)內(nèi)土地開發(fā)利用較早,土地利用類型多樣,流域內(nèi)水系分布明確,主要交通線路將研究區(qū)分為東西兩部分,農(nóng)村居民點均勻分布在研究區(qū)內(nèi)。因此,以黑土區(qū)海溝河小流域作為研究區(qū),針對土壤營養(yǎng)元素空間分異規(guī)律研究,具有典型性。土壤是受自然演化規(guī)律和人為因素共同影響的復(fù)雜綜合體,進(jìn)行土壤營養(yǎng)元素空間變異規(guī)律的研究,對科學(xué)管理土地、合理規(guī)劃農(nóng)用地、實現(xiàn)精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)、提高土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量等方面具有顯著意義。以經(jīng)典統(tǒng)計學(xué)和地統(tǒng)計學(xué)為基礎(chǔ),借助地理信息技術(shù),采用半方差函數(shù)模型、莫蘭指數(shù)、空間插值、相關(guān)性分析、灰關(guān)聯(lián)分析、回歸分析等模型方法,對黑土區(qū)海溝河小流域土壤營養(yǎng)元素的空間變異規(guī)律及影響因素進(jìn)行研究,并通過相關(guān)再顯著規(guī)則、極大熵模型、分區(qū)統(tǒng)計等方法確定研究區(qū)土壤營養(yǎng)元素綜合差異性分布情況。主要得到以下結(jié)論:(1)通過多角度的空間特征分析,可以綜合全面的了解指標(biāo)空間分布特征,且部分指標(biāo)空間分布具有一定規(guī)律。土壤pH變異系數(shù)小,數(shù)值離散程度較小;空間分布極有規(guī)律,西高東低;空間分布呈現(xiàn)顯著自相關(guān)。土壤含水量數(shù)據(jù)呈現(xiàn)中等變異水平,空間分布與土地利用呈高度相關(guān),空間分布呈現(xiàn)顯著自相關(guān),與pH分布特征相近,二者相互影響相互作用。全磷和速效磷各向半方差函數(shù)相似度很高,全氮和速效氮各項半方差函數(shù)差異顯著,速效磷和鈣磷空間分布中高值區(qū)與低值區(qū)呈相反趨勢。(2)不同土地利用方式下,各指標(biāo)分布情況不同,水田利用條件下多項土壤營養(yǎng)元素的含量要高于其他土地利用類型,說明水田內(nèi)土壤質(zhì)量水平相對較高。不同坡位土壤有機質(zhì)在坡頂、平地和坡中均值相近,坡底含量較低,坡頂和坡底變異系數(shù)相近且小于坡中和平地。研究區(qū)地形和位置因素對土壤營養(yǎng)元素空間分布影響顯著,地形因素中高程是影響土壤營養(yǎng)元素空間分布的重要因素,位置因素中采樣點與村莊的距離、與交通的距離、與水系的距離都影響著土壤營養(yǎng)元素指標(biāo)的空間分布。研究地形因素對指標(biāo)分布影響程度發(fā)現(xiàn),高程、村莊距離、交通距離對各項指標(biāo)影響顯著,鈣磷的空間分布特征與水系分布關(guān)系密切,可影響鈣磷分部的主要地形因素是村莊距離,僅通過元素分布特征圖不能全面真實的了解指標(biāo)。(3)研究區(qū)內(nèi)土壤營養(yǎng)元素綜合差異性分布,受坡度影響較小,土地利用類型和高程共同影響整土壤營養(yǎng)元素的綜合分布。水田土壤營養(yǎng)元素綜合水平要高于旱田,林地處于中等水平;耕地中,隨著海拔高度的增加土壤營養(yǎng)元素綜合水平降低。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy and the progress of human society, more and more attention has been paid to the ecological environment. Haigou River small watershed in black soil area is located in the southwest of Heilongjiang province. The study area is developed earlier, the land use type is diverse, the river system distribution in the basin is clear, and the main traffic lines divide the study into two parts: East and west. Rural settlements are evenly distributed in the study area. Therefore, the study on spatial differentiation of soil nutrient elements in Haigou River watershed in black soil area is typical. Soil is a complex influenced by natural evolution law and human factors. The spatial variation of soil nutrient elements is studied. The scientific management of land, the rational planning of agricultural land, and the realization of precision agriculture are carried out. It is significant to improve soil environmental quality. Based on classical statistics and geostatistics, with the help of geographic information technology, semi-variance function model, Moran index, spatial interpolation, correlation analysis, grey correlation analysis, regression analysis and other model methods are used. The spatial variation of soil nutrient elements and its influencing factors in Haigou River watershed in black soil region were studied, and the maximum entropy model was established by using correlation and significant rules. The comprehensive difference distribution of soil nutrient elements in the study area was determined by means of partition statistics and other methods. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) through the multi-angle spatial feature analysis, we can comprehensively understand the spatial distribution characteristics of the index, and some of the index spatial distribution has a certain law. Soil pH variation coefficient is small, numerical dispersion degree is small, spatial distribution is very regular, west high and east low, spatial distribution shows significant autocorrelation. Soil water content data showed moderate variation level, spatial distribution was highly correlated with land use, spatial distribution showed significant autocorrelation, similar to pH distribution characteristics, the interaction between them. The similarity of total phosphorus and available phosphorus is very high, the difference of total nitrogen and available nitrogen semi-variance function is significant, the spatial distribution of available phosphorus and calcium phosphorus in high value area and low value area is opposite trend. (2) under different land use patterns, The distribution of each index was different, and the content of soil nutrient elements in paddy field was higher than that in other land use types, which indicated that the soil quality level was relatively high in paddy field. The average value of soil organic matter in different slope positions was similar in top, flat land and slope, the content of soil organic matter in slope bottom was lower, and the coefficient of variation between top and bottom of slope was similar and smaller than that in middle level land of slope. Topographic and location factors have a significant effect on the spatial distribution of soil nutrient elements. Elevation is an important factor affecting the spatial distribution of soil nutrient elements, and the distance between sampling points and villages and traffic in the location factors. The distance from the water system affects the spatial distribution of soil nutrient elements. It is found that elevation, village distance and traffic distance have significant effects on the index distribution, and the spatial distribution characteristics of calcium and phosphorus are closely related to the distribution of water system. The main topographic factor that can affect the distribution of calcium and phosphorus is the distance of the village, which can not be fully and truly understood by the characteristic map of element distribution. (3) the comprehensive difference distribution of soil nutrient elements in the study area is less affected by the slope. The comprehensive distribution of nutrient elements in the whole soil was influenced by land use type and elevation. The comprehensive level of soil nutrient elements in paddy field is higher than that in dry field, and the comprehensive level of soil nutrient element in cultivated land decreases with the increase of altitude.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S158
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy and the progress of human society, more and more attention has been paid to the ecological environment. Haigou River small watershed in black soil area is located in the southwest of Heilongjiang province. The study area is developed earlier, the land use type is diverse, the river system distribution in the basin is clear, and the main traffic lines divide the study into two parts: East and west. Rural settlements are evenly distributed in the study area. Therefore, the study on spatial differentiation of soil nutrient elements in Haigou River watershed in black soil area is typical. Soil is a complex influenced by natural evolution law and human factors. The spatial variation of soil nutrient elements is studied. The scientific management of land, the rational planning of agricultural land, and the realization of precision agriculture are carried out. It is significant to improve soil environmental quality. Based on classical statistics and geostatistics, with the help of geographic information technology, semi-variance function model, Moran index, spatial interpolation, correlation analysis, grey correlation analysis, regression analysis and other model methods are used. The spatial variation of soil nutrient elements and its influencing factors in Haigou River watershed in black soil region were studied, and the maximum entropy model was established by using correlation and significant rules. The comprehensive difference distribution of soil nutrient elements in the study area was determined by means of partition statistics and other methods. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) through the multi-angle spatial feature analysis, we can comprehensively understand the spatial distribution characteristics of the index, and some of the index spatial distribution has a certain law. Soil pH variation coefficient is small, numerical dispersion degree is small, spatial distribution is very regular, west high and east low, spatial distribution shows significant autocorrelation. Soil water content data showed moderate variation level, spatial distribution was highly correlated with land use, spatial distribution showed significant autocorrelation, similar to pH distribution characteristics, the interaction between them. The similarity of total phosphorus and available phosphorus is very high, the difference of total nitrogen and available nitrogen semi-variance function is significant, the spatial distribution of available phosphorus and calcium phosphorus in high value area and low value area is opposite trend. (2) under different land use patterns, The distribution of each index was different, and the content of soil nutrient elements in paddy field was higher than that in other land use types, which indicated that the soil quality level was relatively high in paddy field. The average value of soil organic matter in different slope positions was similar in top, flat land and slope, the content of soil organic matter in slope bottom was lower, and the coefficient of variation between top and bottom of slope was similar and smaller than that in middle level land of slope. Topographic and location factors have a significant effect on the spatial distribution of soil nutrient elements. Elevation is an important factor affecting the spatial distribution of soil nutrient elements, and the distance between sampling points and villages and traffic in the location factors. The distance from the water system affects the spatial distribution of soil nutrient elements. It is found that elevation, village distance and traffic distance have significant effects on the index distribution, and the spatial distribution characteristics of calcium and phosphorus are closely related to the distribution of water system. The main topographic factor that can affect the distribution of calcium and phosphorus is the distance of the village, which can not be fully and truly understood by the characteristic map of element distribution. (3) the comprehensive difference distribution of soil nutrient elements in the study area is less affected by the slope. The comprehensive distribution of nutrient elements in the whole soil was influenced by land use type and elevation. The comprehensive level of soil nutrient elements in paddy field is higher than that in dry field, and the comprehensive level of soil nutrient element in cultivated land decreases with the increase of altitude.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S158
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