【摘要】：近年來(lái),國(guó)家和地方各級(jí)政府鼓勵(lì)畜禽養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)配套建設(shè)沼氣工程,養(yǎng)殖污水轉(zhuǎn)化為“三沼”,以減少養(yǎng)殖污水隨意排放所帶來(lái)的農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染。與此同時(shí),沼氣工程產(chǎn)生的副產(chǎn)物—沼液不斷增長(zhǎng),無(wú)法處理。本研究針對(duì)農(nóng)村養(yǎng)殖糞污處理所產(chǎn)生的廢棄沼液產(chǎn)生的環(huán)境污染問(wèn)題,因地制宜,采用生態(tài)濾池-人工濕地組合工藝,通過(guò)不同水力負(fù)荷以及不同季節(jié)下組合工藝對(duì)沼液的凈化效果試驗(yàn),研究生態(tài)濾池-人工濕地組合工藝最佳運(yùn)行參數(shù)、濕地內(nèi)植物生長(zhǎng)特性及氮磷累積效果、濕地內(nèi)土壤中氮磷含量的變化。得出以下結(jié)論:(1)不同水力負(fù)荷對(duì)各個(gè)指標(biāo)的去除均表現(xiàn)出一定的影響。COD的去除率隨水力負(fù)荷的升高而先增加降低,TN、NH4+-N的去除率隨著水力負(fù)荷的增加而下降,當(dāng)水力負(fù)荷為0.25m3/m2 · d時(shí),EF/CW組合工藝對(duì)各污染物都有很好的去除效果,平均去除率分別達(dá)到84.27%、66.46%、76.7%、88.46%。TP的去除率基本保持不變,說(shuō)明EF/CW組合工藝對(duì)TP的去除還有一定的潛能。季節(jié)的變化對(duì)EF/CW組合工藝處理沼液各個(gè)污染物指標(biāo)都有一定的影響。COD、TP的去除受季節(jié)變化的影響較大,在冬春季節(jié)無(wú)法達(dá)到排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí),可以降低水力負(fù)荷運(yùn)行。從綜合運(yùn)行效果來(lái)看,EF/CW組合工藝對(duì)于COD、NH4+-N、TP都有很好的去除效果,而且具有良好的穩(wěn)定性,但是對(duì)TN的去除率不甚理想,需要改進(jìn)以提升TN的去除率。(2)試驗(yàn)期間濕地內(nèi)各植物長(zhǎng)勢(shì)基本良好,不同植物的RGR差異較大,梭魚(yú)草、水蔥、美人蕉的RGR在夏季最大,之后降低,菖蒲,鳶尾、再力花的RGR則在秋季達(dá)到最大值。在表面流人工濕地系統(tǒng)中,濕地植物的株高、生物量、植物組織中全氮、磷含量沿水流方向呈遞減的趨勢(shì),且差異顯著。不同濕地植物在不同季節(jié)時(shí)期氮、磷累積量不同,基本為逐漸升高的趨勢(shì),六種植物同化吸收氮的能力大小依次為鳶尾美人蕉再力花菖蒲梭魚(yú)草水蔥。同化吸收磷的能力大小依次為菖蒲美人蕉鳶尾再力花梭魚(yú)草水蔥。說(shuō)明濕地植物對(duì)氮有很好的吸收能力,在磷吸收方面,也有一定的能力。根據(jù)Tanner的方法對(duì)濕地植物進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),美人蕉、菖蒲對(duì)氮、磷的吸收能力比較高,再力花和鳶尾吸收能力中等,而梭魚(yú)草、水蔥的吸收能力比較差。(3)在表面流人工濕地中,植物地上部分吸收占氮去除總量的30%,土壤吸附占10%,硝化反硝化占60%。硝化反硝化作用是人工濕地脫氮的主要途徑,基質(zhì)吸附和植物吸收作用也是濕地脫氮的重要形式。土壤吸附磷占濕地磷去除總量的60%,是濕地除磷的主要途徑。植物地上部分吸收磷占40%,在濕地除磷的過(guò)程中也起到重要作用。組合工藝的投資運(yùn)行費(fèi)用低,具有去污效果好、系統(tǒng)殘?jiān)俚忍攸c(diǎn),且管理維護(hù)方便、對(duì)人員技術(shù)要求低,適合在廣大農(nóng)村地區(qū)畜禽養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)推廣應(yīng)用。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the national and local governments have encouraged livestock and poultry farms to build biogas projects and convert the sewage into "three marshes" in order to reduce the agricultural non-point source pollution caused by the random discharge of aquaculture sewage. At the same time, biogas engineering produced by-product-biogas liquid is growing, unable to deal with. In order to solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by waste biogas liquid produced by rural farming manure treatment, the combined process of ecological filter and constructed wetland was adopted to cope with local conditions. The optimum operation parameters, plant growth characteristics and nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation effects of the combined process of ecological filter and constructed wetland were studied through the experiments of the purification effect of biogas liquor under different hydraulic loads and different seasons. Changes of soil nitrogen and phosphorus contents in Wetlands. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) different hydraulic loads have a certain effect on the removal of each index. The removal rate of COD increases and decreases with the increase of hydraulic load, while the removal rate of TN,NH4-N decreases with the increase of hydraulic load. When the hydraulic load is 0.25m3/m2 d, the combined EF/CW process has a good removal effect on each pollutant, and the average removal rate is 84.27%, 66.46% and 76.7%, respectively. The removal rate of 88.46%.TP remains unchanged, indicating that the combined EF/CW process has a certain potential for TP removal. The seasonal variation has a certain influence on the indexes of each pollutant in the treatment of biogas liquid by EF/CW combined process. The removal of COD,TP is greatly affected by the seasonal variation. When the discharge standard can not be reached in winter and spring, the hydraulic load can be reduced. From the comprehensive operation effect, the combined EF/CW process has a good removal effect for COD,NH4 NT-TP, and has good stability, but the removal rate of TN is not very good. In order to improve the removal rate of TN, it is necessary to improve the removal rate of TN. (2) during the experiment, the growth of plants in the wetland is basically good, and the RGR of different plants is different. The RGR of barracuda, scallion and plantain is the largest in summer, and then decreases, Acorus calamus, Iris, Acorus calamus and Iris. The RGR of remanent flower reached the maximum in autumn. In the surface flow constructed wetland system, the plant height, biomass, total nitrogen and phosphorus content in plant tissue decreased along the direction of flow, and the difference was significant. The accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in different wetland plants was different in different seasons, which was gradually increasing. The ability of assimilating nitrogen of six species of plants was in order of Iris canna remanent calamus barracuda and Allium mongolicum. The ability of assimilating and absorbing phosphorus was followed by Acorus calamus. The results showed that wetland plants had good nitrogen absorption ability and phosphorus absorption ability. According to the evaluation of wetland plants by Tanner method, the absorption capacity of banana and Acorus calamus to nitrogen and phosphorus was high, the absorption capacity of reclaimed flower and iris was moderate, but the absorbability of barracuda and scallion was poor. (3) in the surface flow constructed wetland, Plant aboveground absorption accounted for 30% of total nitrogen removal, soil adsorption accounted for 10%, nitrification and denitrification accounted for 60%. Nitrification and denitrification are the main ways of denitrification in constructed wetlands. Substrate adsorption and plant absorption are also important forms of denitrification in constructed wetlands. Phosphorus adsorption by soil accounts for 60% of total phosphorus removal in wetland, which is the main way to remove phosphorus in wetland. The above-ground uptake of phosphorus by plants accounts for 40%, which also plays an important role in the process of phosphorus removal in wetlands. The combined process has the advantages of low cost of investment and operation, good decontamination effect, less residue of the system, convenient management and maintenance, and low technical requirements for personnel. It is suitable for popularizing and applying in livestock and poultry farms in rural areas.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S216.4;X713

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