寧夏中部干旱帶壓砂地土壤性質(zhì)時空變異研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-08 07:12
【摘要】：壓砂地是我國西北地區(qū)一種獨(dú)有的農(nóng)耕方式。壓砂產(chǎn)業(yè)成為寧夏中部干旱帶的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè),壓砂瓜成為寧夏的地理產(chǎn)品,2007年壓砂瓜面積已經(jīng)達(dá)到100萬畝。為了科學(xué)全面的認(rèn)識壓砂地土壤資源的質(zhì)量狀況,有必要系統(tǒng)探究砂田土壤性質(zhì)的時間變異性,以及不同采樣尺度下壓砂地土壤性質(zhì)的空間變異性。有助于了解砂田土壤肥力的演變規(guī)律和時空變化特性,做好休耕措施,為寧夏中部干旱為砂田農(nóng)業(yè)的健康可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供綜合性依據(jù)。本文主要運(yùn)用地統(tǒng)計學(xué)的方法,應(yīng)用SPSS.GS+、Suffer、Arc GIS軟件對寧夏中部干旱帶不同壓砂年限對砂田土壤物理性質(zhì)、化學(xué)性質(zhì)以及生物性質(zhì)屬性值,以及田間尺度和香山地區(qū)壓砂地土壤物理性質(zhì)的屬性值進(jìn)行分析。主要研究結(jié)果如下：(1)通過對壓砂1 a,3 a,5 a,7 a,10 a的綿砂壓砂地以及鄰近對照農(nóng)田在0-10cm,10-20cm,20-30cm不同深度的土壤物理性質(zhì)、化學(xué)性質(zhì)以及酶活性進(jìn)行分析,得到壓砂年限對于土壤性質(zhì)的影響結(jié)論：土壤機(jī)械組成隨壓砂年限的增加,呈不斷粗化的顯著變化。粗砂含量隨著土壤垂直深度的加深逐漸減少。比較對照,壓砂地土壤容重增大,其它土壤物理性質(zhì)都表現(xiàn)出下降變化。壓砂地土壤水分含量明顯高于對照農(nóng)田土壤水分含量,說明壓砂可以有效地降低土壤水分的蒸發(fā)提高水分的利用效率。不同年限壓砂地土壤全鹽含量均低于對照,說明壓砂具有降低土壤鹽漬化的功能。壓砂地土壤氮、磷、鉀等肥力狀況隨著壓砂年限的延長總體上表現(xiàn)出下降的趨勢,1 a含量最高,3 a較l a土壤養(yǎng)分下降幅度較大。各年限之間肥力水平差異顯著。土壤中四種酶活性隨壓砂年限的延長總體表現(xiàn)出降低趨向,土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、全氮、速效磷以及粘粒對酶活性影響較為強(qiáng)烈。因此,在耕作過程中要注重肥力的保持和提高,基肥要多以有機(jī)肥、緩釋肥為主,追肥多以葉面肥為主。此外,調(diào)整耕作制度,做好休耕與生產(chǎn)的合理配置,從而保持壓砂地優(yōu)良特性。以免出現(xiàn)土壤貧瘠現(xiàn)象。(2)通過對寧夏興仁鎮(zhèn)紅圈子村10×lOm田間尺度壓砂地為例,研究了在0-10cm,10-20cm不同深度下壓砂地土壤物理性質(zhì)的空間變異特征。以下主要結(jié)論：壓砂地土壤容重、總孔隙度和毛管孔隙度在不同采樣深度下都呈現(xiàn)出弱變異性,飽和含水量則表現(xiàn)為中等變異。0-10 cm深度下土壤飽和導(dǎo)水率表現(xiàn)為中等變異,且為純塊金效應(yīng),受隨機(jī)因素影響；10-20 cm深度下飽和導(dǎo)水率則表現(xiàn)為強(qiáng)變異性,主要受結(jié)構(gòu)性因素影響。在兩種不同采樣深度下容重都表現(xiàn)為純塊金效應(yīng),其主要受隨機(jī)因素的影響。在10-20cm深度下土壤各種物理性質(zhì)的平均值均稍大于0-10cm深度屬性值。壓砂地土壤飽和導(dǎo)水率與容重存在高度的負(fù)相關(guān),與飽和含水量、總孔隙度和毛管孔隙度存在高度正相關(guān)關(guān)系。壓砂地土壤一系列物理性質(zhì)的空間插值圖除了在數(shù)值上存在差異外,其疏密程度和走向變化都非常相近。今后耕作過程中要加強(qiáng)對南部田塊的保護(hù)措施,改善土壤物理性質(zhì),提高土地利用效率。其空間分布圖可以為該研究地塊田間管理和實施精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)提供一定的數(shù)據(jù)支持和理論指導(dǎo)。(3)通過分析寧夏香山地區(qū)壓砂地土壤在0-20cm,20-40cm不同深度下壓砂地土壤物理性質(zhì)的空間變異特征。取得結(jié)論：僅土壤容重是弱變異性,其它土壤物理屬性表現(xiàn)中等變異性。在20-40cm壓砂地土壤物理性質(zhì)平均值略大于0-20cm屬性值。0-20cm深度下壓砂地土壤物理性質(zhì)空間相關(guān)性較弱。20-40cm深度下壓砂地土壤的飽和導(dǎo)水率、飽和含水量以及毛管孔隙度的空間相關(guān)性弱。土壤容重與總孔隙度之間表現(xiàn)為中等程度的空間相關(guān)性。壓砂地土壤物理性質(zhì)的空間插值圖除了屬性值存在差異外,其疏密程度、走向趨勢都非常相近。香山地區(qū)西北部壓砂地土壤物理性質(zhì)明顯優(yōu)于東南地區(qū),加強(qiáng)規(guī)范壓砂地耕作管理制度,減少人為因素的影響,提高壓砂地的利用率,達(dá)到優(yōu)產(chǎn)、穩(wěn)產(chǎn)的目的。
[Abstract]:The sand-pressing area is a unique farming method in the northwest of China. The sand-pressing industry has become the pillar industry of the central arid zone in the middle of Ningxia, and it is the geographical product of Ningxia. The area of the sand-pressing melon in 2007 has reached 1 million mu. In order to scientifically and fully understand the quality of soil resources in sand ground, it is necessary to study the time variability of the soil properties of the sand field and the spatial variability of the soil properties of the sand in different sampling scales. It is helpful to know the evolution law of soil fertility in the sand field and the characteristics of time-and-space change, and to do well the cultivation measures to provide a comprehensive basis for the healthy and sustainable development of the agriculture in the middle of Ningxia. In this paper, the physical properties, chemical properties and biological properties of the sandy land in the central arid zone of Ningxia were measured by SPSS, GS +, Saffer and Arc GIS software. and the property values of the soil physical properties of the soil in the field scale and the Xiangshan area are analyzed. The main results are as follows: (1) The physical properties, chemical properties and enzyme activity of the soil with different depths of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm, The results of the influence of the age of the pressed sand on the soil properties: The mechanical composition of the soil changes with the increase of the age of the sand and sand. The crude sand content decreases with the depth of the vertical depth of the soil. Compared with the control, the soil bulk density of the soil was increased and the physical properties of other soil showed a decrease. The soil moisture content of the pressed sand is obviously higher than that of the control farmland, and the soil water content of the soil water can be effectively reduced, and the water utilization efficiency of the water can be improved. The total salt content of the soil in different years is lower than that of the control, which shows that the pressure sand has the function of reducing the salinization of the soil. The soil N, P, K and other fertility conditions of the ground sand ground show a downward trend as the increase of the age of the sand and sand, and the content of 1a is the highest, and the soil nutrients in the 3a are lower. There is a significant difference in fertility between the ages. Soil organic matter, total nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and mucin have a strong effect on the activity of the enzyme. Therefore, in the course of cultivation, it is necessary to pay attention to the maintenance and improvement of the fertility, and the base fertilizer is mainly composed of organic fertilizer, slow-release fertilizer, and the top dressing is mainly the foliage fertilizer. In addition, the cultivation system should be adjusted, and the reasonable allocation of the intertillage and production can be made, so that the fine characteristics of the pressure-pressing sand are maintained. so as to avoid the phenomenon of soil fertility. (2) The spatial variation characteristics of soil physical properties at different depths of 0-10cm and 10-20cm were studied by a case study on the field-scale pressure sand of 10-10-lOm in the red circle village of Xingren Town, Ningxia. The main conclusions are as follows: the soil bulk density, the total porosity and the porosity of the hair tube exhibit weak variability at different sampling depths, and the saturated water content is a medium variation. The saturated water conductivity of the soil at 0-10 cm depth is a medium variation, and it is a pure gold effect. The influence of the random factors; the saturation conductivity at the depth of 10-20 cm is the strong variability, which is mainly influenced by the structural factors. The bulk density of the two different sampling depths is the pure-block gold effect, which is mainly influenced by the random factors. The average value of the various physical properties of the soil at the depth of 10-20cm is slightly greater than the depth attribute value of 0-10cm. There is a negative correlation between the saturated water conductivity and the volume weight of the soil, and there is a high positive correlation with the saturated water content, the total porosity and the porosity of the wool tube. The spatial interpolation of a series of physical properties of the soil-ground soil is very similar except that there is a difference in the numerical values. In the future, the protection measures of the southern field should be strengthened, the physical property of the soil is improved, and the utilization efficiency of the land is improved. The spatial distribution map can provide some data support and theoretical guidance for the management and implementation of precision agriculture. (3) The spatial variation of the soil physical properties of the soil at different depths of 0-20cm and 20-40cm in Xiangshan area of Ningxia was analyzed. The results are as follows: only the soil bulk density is weak, and other soil physical properties show moderate variability. in that 20-40cm, the mean value of soil physical property is slightly larger than that of 0-20cm, and the spatial correlation of soil physical property is weak with the depth of 0-20cm. the saturation conductivity, the saturated water content of the soil and the spatial correlation of the porosity of the wool pipe are weak in the depth of 20-40cm. There is a moderate degree of spatial correlation between soil bulk density and total porosity. The spatial interpolation map of the soil physical properties of the ground sand ground is very close to the trend of the spatial interpolation of the physical properties of the soil in addition to the difference in the property value. The physical properties of the soil in the north-west of the Xiangshan area are obviously superior to that in the south-east, and the management system of the land-and-sand land is strengthened, the influence of the human factors is reduced, the utilization rate of the sand-pressing land is improved, and the purpose of high yield and stable yield is achieved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧夏大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S151.9
本文編號：2367931
[Abstract]:The sand-pressing area is a unique farming method in the northwest of China. The sand-pressing industry has become the pillar industry of the central arid zone in the middle of Ningxia, and it is the geographical product of Ningxia. The area of the sand-pressing melon in 2007 has reached 1 million mu. In order to scientifically and fully understand the quality of soil resources in sand ground, it is necessary to study the time variability of the soil properties of the sand field and the spatial variability of the soil properties of the sand in different sampling scales. It is helpful to know the evolution law of soil fertility in the sand field and the characteristics of time-and-space change, and to do well the cultivation measures to provide a comprehensive basis for the healthy and sustainable development of the agriculture in the middle of Ningxia. In this paper, the physical properties, chemical properties and biological properties of the sandy land in the central arid zone of Ningxia were measured by SPSS, GS +, Saffer and Arc GIS software. and the property values of the soil physical properties of the soil in the field scale and the Xiangshan area are analyzed. The main results are as follows: (1) The physical properties, chemical properties and enzyme activity of the soil with different depths of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm, The results of the influence of the age of the pressed sand on the soil properties: The mechanical composition of the soil changes with the increase of the age of the sand and sand. The crude sand content decreases with the depth of the vertical depth of the soil. Compared with the control, the soil bulk density of the soil was increased and the physical properties of other soil showed a decrease. The soil moisture content of the pressed sand is obviously higher than that of the control farmland, and the soil water content of the soil water can be effectively reduced, and the water utilization efficiency of the water can be improved. The total salt content of the soil in different years is lower than that of the control, which shows that the pressure sand has the function of reducing the salinization of the soil. The soil N, P, K and other fertility conditions of the ground sand ground show a downward trend as the increase of the age of the sand and sand, and the content of 1a is the highest, and the soil nutrients in the 3a are lower. There is a significant difference in fertility between the ages. Soil organic matter, total nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and mucin have a strong effect on the activity of the enzyme. Therefore, in the course of cultivation, it is necessary to pay attention to the maintenance and improvement of the fertility, and the base fertilizer is mainly composed of organic fertilizer, slow-release fertilizer, and the top dressing is mainly the foliage fertilizer. In addition, the cultivation system should be adjusted, and the reasonable allocation of the intertillage and production can be made, so that the fine characteristics of the pressure-pressing sand are maintained. so as to avoid the phenomenon of soil fertility. (2) The spatial variation characteristics of soil physical properties at different depths of 0-10cm and 10-20cm were studied by a case study on the field-scale pressure sand of 10-10-lOm in the red circle village of Xingren Town, Ningxia. The main conclusions are as follows: the soil bulk density, the total porosity and the porosity of the hair tube exhibit weak variability at different sampling depths, and the saturated water content is a medium variation. The saturated water conductivity of the soil at 0-10 cm depth is a medium variation, and it is a pure gold effect. The influence of the random factors; the saturation conductivity at the depth of 10-20 cm is the strong variability, which is mainly influenced by the structural factors. The bulk density of the two different sampling depths is the pure-block gold effect, which is mainly influenced by the random factors. The average value of the various physical properties of the soil at the depth of 10-20cm is slightly greater than the depth attribute value of 0-10cm. There is a negative correlation between the saturated water conductivity and the volume weight of the soil, and there is a high positive correlation with the saturated water content, the total porosity and the porosity of the wool tube. The spatial interpolation of a series of physical properties of the soil-ground soil is very similar except that there is a difference in the numerical values. In the future, the protection measures of the southern field should be strengthened, the physical property of the soil is improved, and the utilization efficiency of the land is improved. The spatial distribution map can provide some data support and theoretical guidance for the management and implementation of precision agriculture. (3) The spatial variation of the soil physical properties of the soil at different depths of 0-20cm and 20-40cm in Xiangshan area of Ningxia was analyzed. The results are as follows: only the soil bulk density is weak, and other soil physical properties show moderate variability. in that 20-40cm, the mean value of soil physical property is slightly larger than that of 0-20cm, and the spatial correlation of soil physical property is weak with the depth of 0-20cm. the saturation conductivity, the saturated water content of the soil and the spatial correlation of the porosity of the wool pipe are weak in the depth of 20-40cm. There is a moderate degree of spatial correlation between soil bulk density and total porosity. The spatial interpolation map of the soil physical properties of the ground sand ground is very close to the trend of the spatial interpolation of the physical properties of the soil in addition to the difference in the property value. The physical properties of the soil in the north-west of the Xiangshan area are obviously superior to that in the south-east, and the management system of the land-and-sand land is strengthened, the influence of the human factors is reduced, the utilization rate of the sand-pressing land is improved, and the purpose of high yield and stable yield is achieved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧夏大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S151.9
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