【摘要】：全球環(huán)境變化和碳循環(huán)研究受到關注,巖溶作用具有碳匯效應。為了弄清土壤微生物在巖溶碳循環(huán)及碳匯中的作用,有必要對巖溶流域土壤微生物多樣性特征進行研究,但目前這方面的研究比較缺乏。本文以長江流域、烏江流域上游段和烏江鴨池河小流域為例,采用PCR-DGGE技術研究了典型巖溶流域不同生態(tài)環(huán)境下表層土壤細菌多樣性的時空特征,初步分析了典型巖溶流域不同生態(tài)環(huán)境下土壤細菌多樣性與土壤基本理化性質(zhì)及土壤CA活性之間的關系,并初步探討了典型巖溶流域土壤細菌多樣性對巖溶碳循環(huán)的指示意義,為深入研究巖溶流域生態(tài)環(huán)境對微生物多樣性及其介導的巖溶碳匯作用的影響奠定了基礎。本文獲得的主要結果如下:(1)長江流域表層土壤細菌群落多樣性指數(shù)和豐富度受樣地植被類型影響,并表現(xiàn)出明顯的季節(jié)變化特征,即多樣性指數(shù)和豐富度均表現(xiàn)為冬季秋季夏季春季(P0.05)。相關分析表明,細菌群落多樣性指數(shù)和豐富度與土壤速效氮、速效磷和速效鉀均呈顯著正相關性(P0.01),與SOC和土壤CA活性亦呈一定程度的正相關。(2)烏江流域上游段不同土地利用方式下表層土壤細菌群落多樣性指數(shù)和豐富度存在差異,平均多樣性指數(shù)和豐富度表現(xiàn)為喬木林地灌叢農(nóng)業(yè)用地。烏江鴨池河小流域土地利用方式對表層土壤細菌群落樣性指數(shù)和豐富度影響不明顯。相關分析表明,烏江流域上游段表層土壤細菌群落多樣性指數(shù)和豐富度均與SOC呈顯著正相關(P0.01),而且還與土壤含水率、土壤速效氮、速效磷和土壤CA活性呈正相關。烏江鴨池河小流域土壤細菌群落多樣性指數(shù)和豐富度與土壤CA活性呈一定程度的正相關。綜上所述,典型巖溶流域表層土壤細菌群落多樣性指數(shù)和豐富度受到樣地生態(tài)環(huán)境的影響,且與土壤CA活性和SOC基本呈一定程度的正相關,暗示巖溶流域土壤細菌在巖溶碳循環(huán)及土壤固碳中可能扮演了積極的角色,其在流域巖溶生態(tài)系統(tǒng)土壤中的固碳作用強度值得深入研究。
[Abstract]:The study of global environmental change and carbon cycle has attracted much attention, and karstification has the effect of carbon sink. In order to understand the role of soil microorganisms in karst carbon cycle and carbon sink, it is necessary to study the characteristics of soil microbial diversity in karst watershed. Taking the Yangtze River Basin, the Upper reaches of the Wujiang River Basin and the small Watershed of the Aechi River of Wujiang River as examples, the temporal and spatial characteristics of bacterial diversity in surface soil of typical karst watershed under different ecological environments were studied by PCR-DGGE technique. The relationship between soil bacterial diversity, soil physical and chemical properties and soil CA activity in different ecological environments in typical karst watershed was analyzed, and the significance of soil bacterial diversity to karst carbon cycle in typical karst watershed was discussed. It lays a foundation for further study on the influence of ecological environment on microbial diversity and karst carbon sink in karst watershed. The main results obtained in this paper are as follows: (1) the diversity index and richness of bacterial communities in the surface soil of the Yangtze River Basin are affected by the vegetation types of the sample plots, and show obvious seasonal variation characteristics. In other words, the diversity index and richness showed winter, autumn, summer and spring (P0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the diversity index and richness of bacterial community were positively correlated with soil available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium (P0.01). There was also a positive correlation with the activities of SOC and soil CA. (2) the diversity index and richness of surface soil bacterial community were different under different land use patterns in the upper reaches of Wujiang River Basin. The average diversity index and richness were the agricultural land of Arbor woodland and shrub. The effect of land use patterns on the similarity index and richness of bacterial community in surface soil was not obvious in the small watershed of Yazhi River in Wujiang River. Correlation analysis showed that the diversity index and richness of soil bacterial communities in the upper reaches of Wujiang River Basin were positively correlated with SOC (P0.01), but also positively correlated with soil moisture content, soil available nitrogen, available phosphorus and soil CA activity. The diversity index and richness of soil bacterial community were positively correlated with soil CA activity. To sum up, the diversity index and richness of bacterial community in surface soil of typical karst watershed were affected by the ecological environment of sample plots, and there was a positive correlation with soil CA activity and SOC to some extent. It is suggested that soil bacteria may play an active role in karst carbon cycle and soil carbon sequestration in karst watershed, and the intensity of carbon sequestration in karst ecosystem soil is worthy of further study.
【學位授予單位】：華中科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S154.36

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