魚蛋白降解氨基酸肥對(duì)土壤理化性質(zhì)、酶活性以及微生物群落的影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-06 19:24
【摘要】：我國(guó)是水產(chǎn)大國(guó),但大量的水產(chǎn)加工業(yè)未能將其充分利用,隨之產(chǎn)生了大量的廢棄?mèng)~下腳料,這些加工下腳料仍含有大量的蛋白質(zhì)和礦物成分,易造成極大的資源浪費(fèi)和經(jīng)濟(jì)損失,而在現(xiàn)階段難以通過(guò)精湛的提取工藝提高這些廢棄?mèng)~蛋白的價(jià)值。氨基酸在土壤中有著重要的生態(tài)作用,然而氨基酸在土壤中的含量極少,通過(guò)外源添加氨基酸可以彌補(bǔ)土壤對(duì)這些重要有機(jī)氮源的需求空白。利用酶解技術(shù)將廢料魚料水解制備氨基酸液肥,應(yīng)用于農(nóng)業(yè)耕作土壤中,既可補(bǔ)充土壤中的氨基酸,改善土壤質(zhì)量,又為廢棄?mèng)~料的開發(fā)利用和農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供一條新途徑。本論文初步探討了經(jīng)由魚蛋白下腳料酶解制備的氨基酸液肥對(duì)土壤質(zhì)量的影響,并與傳統(tǒng)糞肥以及不同營(yíng)養(yǎng)化肥對(duì)土壤的質(zhì)量效益做比較,初步證實(shí)魚蛋白降解氨基酸肥應(yīng)用于農(nóng)業(yè)土壤的可行性。魚蛋白肥(FW)對(duì)土壤理化性質(zhì)的效益最為明顯,能有效改善土壤的酸度和鹽度;另外,糞肥(M)和FW都能顯著提高土壤全碳(TC)、全氮(TN)、碳氮比(C/N)、有機(jī)碳(OC)、有效磷(AP)、微生物碳(MBC)和微生物氮(MBN)的含量,其中以糞肥處理效果更為顯著,但緩效鉀(AK)含量在所有處理組下并無(wú)較大的變化。相反,土壤無(wú)機(jī)氮濃度,包括銨態(tài)氮(NH4+-N)和硝酸態(tài)氮(NO3--N),在化肥處理組下有所偏高,尤其在不平衡施肥下其含量增加更為明顯,而FW處理土壤無(wú)機(jī)氮含量最低,可減少無(wú)機(jī)氮對(duì)土壤生態(tài)健康的影響。在不同施肥對(duì)土壤微生物活性的影響研究表明,FW和M處理能顯著提高土壤過(guò)氧化氫酶和碳循環(huán)相關(guān)酶活性(β-葡萄糖苷酶和蔗糖酶),相比于對(duì)照,化肥處理反而降低了碳循環(huán)活性;氮循環(huán)相關(guān)酶活性(蛋白酶和脲酶)在本研究中并沒(méi)有表現(xiàn)一致的變化趨勢(shì),與對(duì)照比,FW處理對(duì)蛋白酶活性影響不顯著,而化肥處理有降低其活性的趨勢(shì),在M處理土壤表現(xiàn)最高活性;而脲酶變化幅度較大,在FW表現(xiàn)最高。此外,磷循環(huán)相關(guān)的酶(堿性和酸性磷酸酶)在M最為活躍,其次為FW,化肥處理土壤的磷酸酶活性要低于有機(jī)肥處理。冗余分析表明,以土壤MBC、MBN表征的微生物生物量與該試驗(yàn)所檢測(cè)的土壤酶呈不同程度的相關(guān),同時(shí)土壤AP也與所測(cè)土壤酶活性有緊密的聯(lián)系。土壤碳循環(huán)酶和蛋白酶的活性與土壤TC和C/N值呈正相關(guān),與NH4+-N呈負(fù)相關(guān);此外土壤脲酶和過(guò)氧化氫酶與土壤p H值和OC含量呈正相關(guān);另一方面,土壤磷酸酶與多數(shù)土壤理化成分存在緊密的聯(lián)系。以磷脂脂肪酸表征的微生物群落分析(PLFA)表明有機(jī)肥處理組下土壤中的革蘭氏陽(yáng)性菌、革蘭氏陰性菌、放線菌以及真菌的豐度都得到明顯提高,以M處理的效益最顯著,隨著化肥的施用使土壤微生物種群的生物量出現(xiàn)萎靡。應(yīng)用主成分分析對(duì)施肥處理引起的土壤微生物群落變化進(jìn)行評(píng)估,分析發(fā)現(xiàn)大部分PLFA標(biāo)記的微生物種群在M處理土壤中豐度最大,其次為FW處理,而兩者在主成分得分圖中相隔甚遠(yuǎn),可推測(cè)不同有機(jī)肥處理下微生物群落種群結(jié)構(gòu)變化截然不同。盡管不同化肥處理組的施入量和施入組分不盡相同,但化肥處理下的土壤微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)特征變化并不明顯。冗余分析進(jìn)一步表明試驗(yàn)檢測(cè)的微生物種群與土壤AP、OC、TN、TC含量以及C/N值呈顯著的正相關(guān),而FW和M處理能將這些變量提高一定水平,進(jìn)而提高土壤微生物生物量和生態(tài)功能。另外,盡管土壤細(xì)菌/真菌(F/B)值并無(wú)與土壤環(huán)境中的任何一個(gè)理化變量存在明顯的相關(guān),但在FW中該變量值達(dá)到最高。綜上試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,FW可明顯改善土壤的酸度和鹽度,也能提高大部分的土壤理化成分,盡管相比之下M處理更為明顯;同時(shí)對(duì)土壤酶活也有顯著的提升作用,其中對(duì)脲酶活性最顯著。盡管兩種有機(jī)肥都能顯著提高各微生物種群的生物量,但主成分分析表明兩者處理下土壤微生物種群的分布框架截然不同。此外,冗余分析表明土壤中無(wú)機(jī)氮的累積是抑制微生物活性以及生物量生長(zhǎng)的主要因素,而在FW中無(wú)機(jī)氮組分更為均衡、含量也更少。因此,FW應(yīng)用于農(nóng)業(yè)土壤改良中具有良好的開發(fā)價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:China is an aquatic product, but a large amount of the aquatic product processing industry is not fully utilized, and a large amount of waste fish leftovers are generated, and the processing leftovers still contain a large amount of protein and mineral components, which is easy to cause great resource waste and economic loss, and at the present stage it is difficult to improve the value of these discarded fish proteins by a sophisticated extraction process. The amino acid has an important ecological function in the soil, but the content of the amino acid in the soil is very low, and the requirement of the soil to these important organic nitrogen sources can be made up by the addition of the amino acid. The method for preparing the amino acid liquid fertilizer by using the enzymolysis technology to prepare the amino acid liquid fertilizer can supplement the amino acid in the soil, improve the soil quality, and provide a new way for the development and utilization of the waste fish material and the sustainable development of the agriculture. The effect of the amino acid liquid fertilizer prepared by the enzymatic hydrolysis of the fish protein on the soil quality is discussed in this paper, and the quality benefit of the soil is compared with the traditional manure and the different nutrient fertilizers, and the feasibility of the fish protein degradation of the amino acid fertilizer in the agricultural soil is preliminarily confirmed. The effect of the fish protein fertilizer (FW) on the physical and chemical properties of the soil is most obvious, and the acidity and the salinity of the soil can be effectively improved; in addition, the soil total carbon (TC), the total nitrogen (TN), the carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/ N), the organic carbon (OC) and the effective phosphorus (AP) can be obviously improved by the manure (M) and the FW; The content of microbial carbon (MBC) and microbial nitrogen (MBN) was more significant, but the content of the slow-acting potassium (AK) did not change significantly under all treatment groups. In contrast, the soil inorganic nitrogen concentration, including the nitrogen (NH4 +-N) and the nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), is higher in the chemical fertilizer treatment group, especially under the unbalanced fertilization, and the inorganic nitrogen content of the FW treatment soil is the lowest, and the effect of the inorganic nitrogen on the ecological health of the soil can be reduced. The study of the effect of different fertilization on the soil microbial activity showed that FW and M treatment could significantly improve the activity of catalase and carbocyclic-related enzymes in soil (P-grape-glucanase and sucrase), and the carbon-cycle activity was reduced by chemical fertilizer treatment compared with the control. The activity of the nitrogen cycle-related enzyme (protease and enzyme) did not show a consistent trend in the study, and the effect of FW treatment on the activity of the protease was not significant in comparison with the control ratio, while the fertilizer treatment had the tendency to lower its activity, and the highest activity in the M-treated soil. The results showed that the change of the enzyme was the highest, and the highest in the FW. In addition, the enzyme (alkaline and acid phosphatase) associated with the phosphorus cycle is the most active in M, followed by FW, and the phosphatase activity of the chemical fertilizer treatment soil is lower than that of the organic fertilizer. The redundant analysis indicated that the microbial biomass characterized by the soil MBC and MBN was related to the soil enzyme detected by the test, and the soil AP was also closely related to the soil enzyme activity. The activity of the soil carbon cyclic enzyme and the protease is positively related to the soil TC and C/ N, and is negatively correlated with the NH4 +-N; in addition, the soil enzyme and the catalase are positively related to the soil p H value and the OC content; on the other hand, the soil phosphatases are closely related to the physical and chemical components of most soil. The microbial community analysis (PLFA) characterized by phospholipid fatty acid indicated that the abundance of gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in the soil under the treatment group of the organic fertilizer was obviously improved, and the benefit of M treatment was the most significant. With the application of chemical fertilizer, the biomass of the soil microbial population is low. The main component analysis was used to assess the change of the soil microbial community caused by the fertilization treatment. The results showed that most of the PLFA-labeled microbial population was the largest in the M-treated soil, followed by FW treatment, and the two were far apart from the main component score map. The population structure of the microbial community in the treatment of different organic fertilizers can be estimated to be very different. Although the application and application of different fertilizer treatment groups are different, the change of soil microbial community structure under chemical fertilizer treatment is not obvious. The redundancy analysis further indicates that the microbial population of the test is positively correlated with the content of AP, OC, TN, TC and C/ N, and FW and M treatment can improve the soil microbial biomass and ecological function. In addition, although the soil bacteria/ fungi (F/ B) values were not significantly related to any of the physical and chemical variables in the soil environment, the variable values reached the highest in the FW. The results show that FW can obviously improve the acidity and salinity of the soil, but also can improve the physical and chemical components of the soil, although the M treatment is more obvious, and the activity of the soil enzyme is also obviously improved, and the activity of the soil enzyme is the most significant. Although both organic fertilizers can significantly improve the biomass of the microbial population, the main component analysis shows that the distribution frame of the soil microbial population is very different. In addition, the redundancy analysis indicates that the accumulation of inorganic nitrogen in the soil is the main factor to inhibit the microbial activity and the growth of the biomass, while the inorganic nitrogen component in the FW is more balanced and the content is less. Therefore, the FW application has good development value in the improvement of agricultural soil.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TS254.9;S156
本文編號(hào)：2366528
[Abstract]:China is an aquatic product, but a large amount of the aquatic product processing industry is not fully utilized, and a large amount of waste fish leftovers are generated, and the processing leftovers still contain a large amount of protein and mineral components, which is easy to cause great resource waste and economic loss, and at the present stage it is difficult to improve the value of these discarded fish proteins by a sophisticated extraction process. The amino acid has an important ecological function in the soil, but the content of the amino acid in the soil is very low, and the requirement of the soil to these important organic nitrogen sources can be made up by the addition of the amino acid. The method for preparing the amino acid liquid fertilizer by using the enzymolysis technology to prepare the amino acid liquid fertilizer can supplement the amino acid in the soil, improve the soil quality, and provide a new way for the development and utilization of the waste fish material and the sustainable development of the agriculture. The effect of the amino acid liquid fertilizer prepared by the enzymatic hydrolysis of the fish protein on the soil quality is discussed in this paper, and the quality benefit of the soil is compared with the traditional manure and the different nutrient fertilizers, and the feasibility of the fish protein degradation of the amino acid fertilizer in the agricultural soil is preliminarily confirmed. The effect of the fish protein fertilizer (FW) on the physical and chemical properties of the soil is most obvious, and the acidity and the salinity of the soil can be effectively improved; in addition, the soil total carbon (TC), the total nitrogen (TN), the carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/ N), the organic carbon (OC) and the effective phosphorus (AP) can be obviously improved by the manure (M) and the FW; The content of microbial carbon (MBC) and microbial nitrogen (MBN) was more significant, but the content of the slow-acting potassium (AK) did not change significantly under all treatment groups. In contrast, the soil inorganic nitrogen concentration, including the nitrogen (NH4 +-N) and the nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), is higher in the chemical fertilizer treatment group, especially under the unbalanced fertilization, and the inorganic nitrogen content of the FW treatment soil is the lowest, and the effect of the inorganic nitrogen on the ecological health of the soil can be reduced. The study of the effect of different fertilization on the soil microbial activity showed that FW and M treatment could significantly improve the activity of catalase and carbocyclic-related enzymes in soil (P-grape-glucanase and sucrase), and the carbon-cycle activity was reduced by chemical fertilizer treatment compared with the control. The activity of the nitrogen cycle-related enzyme (protease and enzyme) did not show a consistent trend in the study, and the effect of FW treatment on the activity of the protease was not significant in comparison with the control ratio, while the fertilizer treatment had the tendency to lower its activity, and the highest activity in the M-treated soil. The results showed that the change of the enzyme was the highest, and the highest in the FW. In addition, the enzyme (alkaline and acid phosphatase) associated with the phosphorus cycle is the most active in M, followed by FW, and the phosphatase activity of the chemical fertilizer treatment soil is lower than that of the organic fertilizer. The redundant analysis indicated that the microbial biomass characterized by the soil MBC and MBN was related to the soil enzyme detected by the test, and the soil AP was also closely related to the soil enzyme activity. The activity of the soil carbon cyclic enzyme and the protease is positively related to the soil TC and C/ N, and is negatively correlated with the NH4 +-N; in addition, the soil enzyme and the catalase are positively related to the soil p H value and the OC content; on the other hand, the soil phosphatases are closely related to the physical and chemical components of most soil. The microbial community analysis (PLFA) characterized by phospholipid fatty acid indicated that the abundance of gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in the soil under the treatment group of the organic fertilizer was obviously improved, and the benefit of M treatment was the most significant. With the application of chemical fertilizer, the biomass of the soil microbial population is low. The main component analysis was used to assess the change of the soil microbial community caused by the fertilization treatment. The results showed that most of the PLFA-labeled microbial population was the largest in the M-treated soil, followed by FW treatment, and the two were far apart from the main component score map. The population structure of the microbial community in the treatment of different organic fertilizers can be estimated to be very different. Although the application and application of different fertilizer treatment groups are different, the change of soil microbial community structure under chemical fertilizer treatment is not obvious. The redundancy analysis further indicates that the microbial population of the test is positively correlated with the content of AP, OC, TN, TC and C/ N, and FW and M treatment can improve the soil microbial biomass and ecological function. In addition, although the soil bacteria/ fungi (F/ B) values were not significantly related to any of the physical and chemical variables in the soil environment, the variable values reached the highest in the FW. The results show that FW can obviously improve the acidity and salinity of the soil, but also can improve the physical and chemical components of the soil, although the M treatment is more obvious, and the activity of the soil enzyme is also obviously improved, and the activity of the soil enzyme is the most significant. Although both organic fertilizers can significantly improve the biomass of the microbial population, the main component analysis shows that the distribution frame of the soil microbial population is very different. In addition, the redundancy analysis indicates that the accumulation of inorganic nitrogen in the soil is the main factor to inhibit the microbial activity and the growth of the biomass, while the inorganic nitrogen component in the FW is more balanced and the content is less. Therefore, the FW application has good development value in the improvement of agricultural soil.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TS254.9;S156
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