基于3S和USLE的內(nèi)蒙古達(dá)拉特旗黃土丘陵區(qū)土壤侵蝕研究
[Abstract]:In this paper, taking the loess hilly region of Dalat Banner in Inner Mongolia as the research area, taking the meteorological data of 11 stations in and around the research area, the soil data, OLI image data, DEM map of the research area, On the basis of relevant data such as distribution map of forest resources of public welfare forest, using GIS,GPS,RS technique and general soil loss equation (USLE), to extract land use, slope, vegetation coverage, etc. The soil erosion intensity classification map of the study area was obtained with soil texture information, and the spatial distribution characteristics of soil erosion intensity in the study area were analyzed, and the corresponding soil and water conservation measures were put forward according to the distribution of soil intensity in forestland and non-forest land. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) hydraulic erosion is the main factor in the study area, and the average soil erosion modulus is 4381.39t/ (km2 a), study area is mainly mildly and moderately eroded, and the erosion area is 1818.8 km2). It accounts for 60.44% of the total area of the study area. (2) from the distribution law of soil erosion intensity, the elevation zone of 1095-1250 m / 1250-1400m and the slope zone of 15 擄are the main distribution areas of soil erosion in the study area. The slope belt of 35 擄only occurs severe erosion, and these areas should be managed in time. The erosion intensity of the area with 75% vegetation coverage was mainly micro-erosion, which indicated that the higher vegetation coverage had a significant effect on soil erosion intensity. Grassland, woodland and unused land account for a large proportion of land use types. In the study area, the grassland was mainly mildly and moderately eroded; the forestland was mainly mildly and moderately eroded; the intensity of cultivated land was different greatly; the slope cultivated land was the main cause of erosion, and the unutilized land had strong erosion. Therefore, in addition to protecting the existing vegetation, it is necessary to further optimize the land use structure and make the ecological vegetation grow again, so as to reduce soil erosion. Combined with the actual situation, the surface bedrock exposed area can appropriately improve the land use efficiency and land use structure, increase the coverage of vegetation on the ground, better maintain the ecological environment, and prevent soil erosion. (3) the soil is relatively dry. When the habitat is difficult, the shrub forest has strong adaptability and can be used as the preferred forest species. The main tree species are Caragana korshinskii, Hippophae rhamnoides and Hippophae rhamnoides. Fixed and semi-fixed sandy soil should be mixed with tree and shrub as the principle to prevent soil erosion, the shrub forest is mainly sandy vegetation, the tree forest species is poplar forest, willow forest is the main. Chestnut soil, light chestnut soil and coarse chestnut soil are mainly shrubbery, which can improve soil erosion intensity. In order to prevent erosion of newly deposited soil, the corresponding shelterbelt should be established, mainly Caragana korshinskii forest.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2016
【分類號(hào)】:S157.1
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