【摘要】：本文以位于山東省魯中山地丘陵區(qū)的沂河流域為研究對象,以遙感影像,氣象數(shù)據(jù),土壤數(shù)據(jù),DEM等數(shù)據(jù)為基礎,以目視解譯、插值、植被覆蓋度指數(shù)提取等方法,運用RUSLE模型分析了自1975年以來沂河流域的土壤侵蝕強度的時空格局變化,流域的土壤侵蝕狀況與流域內(nèi)土地利用/覆被變化耦合關系,對沂河流域土壤侵蝕敏感性進行了評估,探討了敏感性與流域土壤侵蝕量之間的關系,最后運用MARKOV模型對流域2025年的土壤侵蝕狀況進行了預測,并對預測結(jié)果進行了精度檢驗。研究得到的主要結(jié)論為:(1)自1975年以來沂河流域土壤侵蝕模數(shù)經(jīng)歷了先增加后降低的變化趨勢,其中土壤侵蝕模數(shù)最大值出現(xiàn)在1995年,最小值出現(xiàn)在2015年。流域土壤侵蝕強度空間分布特征格局明顯,極強烈和劇烈侵蝕多集中在流域的北部和西南部山區(qū)位置,而東南方向地勢平緩的地段以及河流兩岸緩坡耕地以輕微度侵蝕為主。(2)流域多年平均土壤侵蝕強度指數(shù)變化規(guī)律為未利用地草地耕地林地,未利用地、林地、草地最容易發(fā)生侵蝕的地方是海拔200-400m處,耕地最容易發(fā)生侵蝕的海拔在400-800m處。(3)耕地與未利用地土壤侵蝕模數(shù)隨著坡度的增加而增加;草地的最大土壤侵蝕模數(shù)多出現(xiàn)在15-25°坡度;林地的最大侵蝕模數(shù)多出現(xiàn)在小于15°的區(qū)域。不論是從土壤侵蝕面積還是土壤侵蝕模數(shù)來看均應重點加強沂河流域8-25°區(qū)域的水土保持工作。(4)流域土壤侵蝕模數(shù)隨著土壤侵蝕敏感性的增加而增大。高度敏感侵蝕區(qū)域侵蝕量最多,中度敏感性區(qū)域的侵蝕面積最大,不敏感區(qū)域的侵蝕面積雖然僅次于中度敏感性區(qū)域,但其侵蝕量最小。(5)對2025年沂河流域土壤侵蝕狀況預測可知,2025年流域主要以微度侵蝕為主,其次是輕度和中度侵蝕。流域中度以上土壤侵蝕,均有所降低,而微度侵蝕和輕度侵蝕有所上升。
[Abstract]:Based on remote sensing images, meteorological data, soil data, DEM and other data, this paper takes the Yihe River Basin in the hilly region of Shandong Province as the research object, and uses the methods of visual interpretation, interpolation, extraction of vegetation coverage index, etc. RUSLE model was used to analyze the temporal and spatial pattern changes of soil erosion intensity in Yihe River Basin since 1975, and the coupling relationship between soil erosion status and land use / cover change in the basin was analyzed. The sensitivity of soil erosion in Yihe River Basin was evaluated. The relationship between sensitivity and soil erosion was discussed. Finally, MARKOV model was used to predict the soil erosion in 2025, and the accuracy of the prediction results was tested. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) since 1975, the soil erosion modulus in the Yihe River basin has experienced a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, in which the maximum value of soil erosion modulus appeared in 1995 and the minimum in 2015. The spatial distribution pattern of soil erosion intensity in the watershed is obvious, and the intensity and intensity of soil erosion are mostly concentrated in the mountainous areas of the north and southwest of the basin. In the southeasterly direction, the gentle slope cultivated land and the gentle slope on both sides of the river are mainly slightly eroded. (2) the variation law of the average soil erosion intensity index for many years in the basin is the unused grassland, the unused land, the forestland, the unused land, and the forestland. The most vulnerable area of grassland erosion is at 200-400m above sea level, and the most susceptible to erosion of cultivated land is between 400-800m. (3) the modulus of soil erosion between cultivated land and unused land increases with the increase of slope. The maximum soil erosion modulus of grassland was found in the slope of 15-25 擄, and that of forest land was less than 15 擄. In terms of soil erosion area and soil erosion modulus, emphasis should be placed on strengthening the soil and water conservation in the Yihe River Basin from 8 to 25 擄. (4) the soil erosion modulus increases with the increase of soil erosion sensitivity. The amount of erosion in the highly sensitive erosion area is the highest, and the erosion area in the moderately sensitive area is the largest, although the erosion area in the insensitive area is second only to that in the moderately sensitive area. But the erosion amount is the smallest. (5) according to the forecast of soil erosion in the Yihe River basin in 2025, the main erosion in 2025 is micro-erosion, followed by mild and moderate erosion. The soil erosion above moderate level decreased, while the slight erosion and slight erosion increased.
【學位授予單位】：山東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S157

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