【摘要】：在農(nóng)產(chǎn)品需求剛性增長與資源環(huán)境約束加劇的背景下,為實現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展目標(biāo),如何確定合適的化肥減量目標(biāo)值得關(guān)注�；实倪^量水平應(yīng)該是,在滿足消費需求又不逾越資源限制的雙重約束下,實現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)力的有效配置及資源循環(huán)利用后仍然有余的量,而化肥減量目標(biāo)的設(shè)定也應(yīng)基于此量。以滿足農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供給要求和水資源約束為限定條件,以各地區(qū)主要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)效率為參數(shù),通過構(gòu)建優(yōu)化模型,首先實現(xiàn)資源優(yōu)化配置,然后根據(jù)優(yōu)化結(jié)果,以氮素為衡量指標(biāo),判斷過剩氮的水平,并推斷全國及各地區(qū)氮肥減量的比例。結(jié)果顯示,在優(yōu)化生產(chǎn)力布局的基礎(chǔ)上,要實現(xiàn)環(huán)境和諧,全國氮肥減量的要求為67.1%,絕對量為2648.3萬噸。為實踐減量目標(biāo),各地區(qū)應(yīng)因地制宜地發(fā)展有機(jī)肥產(chǎn)業(yè)及節(jié)肥技術(shù),倡導(dǎo)科學(xué)施肥。
[Abstract]:Under the background of the rigid growth of agricultural product demand and the aggravation of resource and environment restriction, in order to realize the goal of modern agriculture development, how to determine the appropriate chemical fertilizer reduction target is worthy of attention. The excess level of chemical fertilizer should be a surplus amount after realizing the effective allocation of agricultural productivity and the recycling of resources under the dual constraints of satisfying the consumption demand and not exceeding the resource limitation, and the setting of the chemical fertilizer reduction target should also be based on this amount. In order to meet the demand of agricultural products supply and the restriction of water resources, taking the production efficiency of main agricultural products in various regions as parameters, the optimal allocation of resources is first realized through the construction of optimization models, and then, according to the optimization results, nitrogen is taken as the measurement index. Determine the level of excess nitrogen and infer the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer reduction across the country and regions. The results show that in order to achieve environmental harmony, the requirement of nitrogen fertilizer reduction in China is 67.1 tons and the absolute amount is 26.483 million tons on the basis of optimizing the distribution of productivity. In order to practice the goal of reducing the amount of fertilizer, all regions should develop organic fertilizer industry and fertilizer saving technology according to local conditions, and advocate scientific fertilization.
【作者單位】： 南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)管理學(xué)院;南京林業(yè)大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)管理學(xué)院;
【基金】：教育部人文社會科學(xué)青年基金項目:“環(huán)境規(guī)制約束下生豬生產(chǎn)布局演變及影響研究”(編號:12YJCZH275) 南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)人文社會科學(xué)研究基金項目:“農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)整體減排策略研究”(編號:SK2013004) 江蘇省高校優(yōu)勢學(xué)科建設(shè)工程資助項目PAPD對研究的支持
【分類號】：S143

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