發(fā)布時間：2018-11-24 08:10

【摘要】：隨著人口的快速增長、城市化的加速、工業(yè)化的擴(kuò)張、農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整及退耕還林等因素的影響,使得我國耕地嚴(yán)重流失、耕地資源逐年減少,對我國社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和自然生態(tài)環(huán)境造成了嚴(yán)重的影響。土壤養(yǎng)分對植被的生長繁衍有很大的影響,且其形態(tài)和豐缺程度直接決定土壤的肥力狀況。我國是個多山的國家,山區(qū)面積約占全國土地總面積的67%,因此研究山區(qū)耕地土壤養(yǎng)分空間變異對我國農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展有著非常重要的意義。為了摸清現(xiàn)階段山區(qū)土壤養(yǎng)分含量水平、分布特征,科學(xué)的認(rèn)識山區(qū)土壤資源,提高山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)、實現(xiàn)山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展,實現(xiàn)科學(xué)施肥,因此本文對山區(qū)土壤養(yǎng)分空間變異及其影響因素進(jìn)行了研究。本研究以太行山區(qū)保定市的山區(qū)縣為研究對象,采集了耕層為0~20cm的土壤樣品4749個,為了研究山區(qū)土壤看空間變異特征,以便今后山區(qū)土壤養(yǎng)分的管理。研究采用了GIS和地統(tǒng)計學(xué)相結(jié)合的方法,選用6種空間插值方法,即直接用土壤養(yǎng)分含量值插值的普通克里格法、與地貌信息相結(jié)合的克里格方法、與地類信息相結(jié)合的克里格方法、與土壤方面信息相結(jié)合的克里格方法、地類—土壤信息結(jié)合的克里格方法以及地貌—土壤信息的克里格法,對該市山區(qū)土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)(SOM)和速效養(yǎng)分(N、P、K)含量的空間分布特征進(jìn)行了分析。在此基礎(chǔ)上又對山區(qū)土壤養(yǎng)分(有機(jī)質(zhì)、速效N、P、K)的環(huán)境影響因素進(jìn)行了分析,并制作了山區(qū)土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、水解性氮、有效磷、速效鉀四種養(yǎng)分的空間分布圖。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.研究區(qū)內(nèi)土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、水解性氮、有效磷、速效鉀的平均值分別為17.22 g/kg、79.02 mg/kg、23.21 mg/kg、106.42 mg/kg,有機(jī)質(zhì)和有效磷含量整體較低,水解性氮和速效鉀含量整體上屬于中等和高等水平。土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、水解性氮、有效磷、速效鉀的變異系數(shù)分別為33.97%、36.95%、92.36%、46.34%,屬于中等變異。2.利用了Arc GIS10.0軟件中的地統(tǒng)計分析模塊,采用6種克里格空間插值方法研究表明:土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)最優(yōu)的插值方法為KDLTR,其次為KDMTR方法;土壤水解性氮的最優(yōu)空間插值方法應(yīng)為KDMTR法,其次為KDLTR法;土壤有效磷的最優(yōu)空間插值方法應(yīng)為KDLTR法,其次為KTR法;土壤速效鉀的最優(yōu)空間插值方法為KDLTR法,其次為KTR法。3.通過圖件的對比及相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)的分析得出:土壤母質(zhì)與有機(jī)質(zhì)、水解性氮、速效鉀和有效磷均相關(guān),相關(guān)系數(shù)分別為0.31、0.25、0.28、0.19;海拔與有機(jī)質(zhì)、水解性氮及有效磷均相關(guān),相關(guān)系數(shù)分別為0.22、0.39、0.31;有效積溫與有機(jī)質(zhì)相關(guān)且相關(guān)系數(shù)為0.31;多年平均降雨量與有機(jī)質(zhì)、水解性氮均相關(guān),相關(guān)系數(shù)分別為0.55、0.36;距村距離與有機(jī)質(zhì)、水解性氮及速效鉀均相關(guān),相關(guān)系數(shù)分別為0.32、0.27、0.39。土壤母質(zhì)、海拔、多年平均降雨量及距村距離這些因素均影響山區(qū)土壤養(yǎng)分的空間變異,其主次因素有待進(jìn)一步研究分析。
[Abstract]:With the rapid growth of population, the acceleration of urbanization, the expansion of industrialization, the adjustment of agricultural structure and the influence of factors such as returning farmland to forest, the cultivated land in China has been seriously lost, and the cultivated land resources have been reduced year by year. To our country social economy development and the natural ecological environment has caused the serious influence. Soil nutrients have great influence on the growth and reproduction of vegetation, and their morphology and abundance directly determine the fertility of the soil. China is a mountainous country, the mountainous area accounts for about 67% of the total land area, so it is very important to study the spatial variation of soil nutrients in mountainous areas for the development of agriculture in China. In order to find out the level and distribution of soil nutrients in mountain areas at present, to understand soil resources scientifically, to improve agricultural production in mountainous areas, to realize sustainable development of agriculture in mountainous areas, and to realize scientific fertilization. Therefore, the spatial variation of soil nutrients and its influencing factors were studied in this paper. In this study, 4 749 soil samples were collected from Baoding County, Taihang Mountain area. In order to study the spatial variation characteristics of soil in mountainous area, the management of soil nutrient in mountain area in the future was studied. In this study, GIS and geostatistics were used, and six spatial interpolation methods were used, that is, the ordinary Kriging method which directly interpolated soil nutrient content, and the Kriging method combined with geomorphological information. Kriging method combined with ground information, Kriging method combined with soil information, kriging method combined with soil information and kriging method of geomorphology and soil information, The spatial distribution characteristics of soil organic matter (SOM) and available nutrients (Nu Pu K) in the mountainous area of the city were analyzed. On the basis of this, the environmental influence factors of soil nutrients (organic matter, available N + Pu K) in mountain area were analyzed, and the spatial distribution maps of organic matter, hydrolytic nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in mountain soil were made. The main results are as follows: 1. The average values of soil organic matter, hydrolytic nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were 17.22 g / kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (2) ~ (2) mg/kg,23.21 mg/kg,106.42 mg/kg, and (79.02) mg/kg,23.21 mg/kg,106.42 mg/kg, respectively. The contents of hydrolytic nitrogen and available potassium belong to medium and high level. The coefficient of variation of soil organic matter, hydrolytic nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were 33.97 ~ 36.95 and 92.36%, respectively. By using the geostatistical analysis module of Arc GIS10.0 software, six Kriging space interpolation methods were used to study the soil organic matter. The results showed that the best interpolation method for soil organic matter was KDLTR, method, followed by KDMTR method. The optimal spatial interpolation method for soil hydrolytic nitrogen is KDMTR method, followed by KDLTR method, KDLTR method and KTR method for soil available phosphorus, and KDLTR method and KTR method for soil available potassium. The correlation coefficient of soil parent material with organic matter, hydrolytic nitrogen, available potassium and available phosphorus was 0.31 ~ 0.25 ~ 0.28 ~ 0.19, respectively. The correlation coefficient between altitude and organic matter, hydrolytic nitrogen and available phosphorus was 0.220.39 and 0.31, respectively, and the correlation coefficient between effective accumulated temperature and organic matter was 0.31. The average annual rainfall was correlated with organic matter and hydrolytic nitrogen, and the correlation coefficient was 0.550.36.The distance from village was correlated with organic matter, hydrolytic nitrogen and available potassium, and the correlation coefficient was 0.32n0.270.39. Soil parent material, elevation, annual average rainfall and distance from village all affect the spatial variation of soil nutrients in mountain areas, and the main and secondary factors need to be further studied and analyzed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S158

【共引文獻(xiàn)】

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本文編號：2352925