延河流域極端暴雨下侵蝕產(chǎn)沙特征野外觀測分析
[Abstract]:In view of whether the loess plateau can withstand the test of extreme rainstorm events and the possible problems under the condition of obvious improvement of erosion environment at present, this paper bases on the results of vegetation investigation and soil erosion monitoring in six typical small watersheds of Yanhe River. The characteristics of erosion and sediment yield in Yanhe River Basin under extreme rainstorm in 2013 are analyzed. The results showed that the average erosion intensity of natural Arbor (Quercus liaotungensis and Acer triangularis) was 1 000 t / km ~ (-2), that of natural shrubs was 1 118.1 ~ 1 161.2 t/km~2, and that of herbaceous vegetation in middle and late stage of succession was 1 245.2 ~ 1 827.8 t/km~2. The herbaceous vegetation in the middle and early stage of succession ranged from 3 087.6 to 4 408.4 t/km~2; Artificial shrub forest (2 119.7N 2 183.9 t/km~2) had stronger ability to reduce erosion than artificial tree forest (2 625.7 (5 149.6 t/km~2). The good vegetation cover on the slope can effectively resist rainstorm erosion, and the average erosion intensity of the small watershed slope is about 2 500 t / km ~ (-1); However, landslide erosion is dominant, accounting for 49.088. 5% of the total erosion in each small watershed, especially in the southern two small watersheds, which are close to the rainstorm center, and can reach about 7 290.3 and 7 424.9 t/km~2. In different small watersheds, 6.4% of the erosion amount is deposited in the channel, and the siltation amount in different reaches above Ganguyi of Yanhe River is 13.2 ~ 1.452 million tons, accounting for 15% of the total erosion sediment yield on average. The intensity of erosion and sediment yield varies from 2 326.7 to 7 774.4 t/km~2 in Ganguyi control area of Yanhe River, of which the area with an intensity of 5 000 ~ 8 000 t/km~2 accounts for 59. 3%. Therefore, it is worthy of attention in the study and control of soil erosion to strengthen the measures of runoff storage and drainage between gullies and to reduce the influence of gully runoff on gravity erosion of gully slope.
【作者單位】: 西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)水土保持研究所黃土高原土壤侵蝕與旱地農(nóng)業(yè)國家重點實驗室;中國科學(xué)院水利部水土保持研究所黃土高原土壤侵蝕與旱地農(nóng)業(yè)國家重點實驗室;貴州大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院;
【基金】:國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目課題“黃土高原生態(tài)修復(fù)的土壤侵蝕效應(yīng)與控制機制(2016YFC0501604)” 國家自然科學(xué)基金面上項目“黃丘區(qū)坡面退耕與淤地壩對坡溝系統(tǒng)侵蝕產(chǎn)沙的阻控機理(41371280)
【分類號】:S157.1
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