太行山石灰?guī)r坡地水土及養(yǎng)分流失規(guī)律研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-22 09:13
【摘要】：河北太行山區(qū)位于河北省西部,山區(qū)裸露地表巖石古老,經(jīng)受多次構(gòu)造運(yùn)動(dòng),巖層風(fēng)化嚴(yán)重破碎,在暴雨的沖擊下,山區(qū)泥石流頻有發(fā)生。石灰?guī)r區(qū)占到山區(qū)總面積的30.2%,多年來由于自然因素及人類活動(dòng)干擾下,石灰?guī)r區(qū)坡地水土流失情況日益加重。本試驗(yàn)采用室內(nèi)人工模擬降雨裝置,對(duì)在暴雨條件下石灰?guī)r坡地(坡面施肥、不同作物及坡面覆蓋度)水土和養(yǎng)分流失情況進(jìn)行研究,為石灰?guī)r山區(qū)坡耕地水土流失治理、小流域面源污染的控制和山區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境治理提供理論依據(jù)。主要結(jié)論如下:1.坡面施用不同肥料造成水土及養(yǎng)分流失規(guī)律呈現(xiàn)出較大差異。不同肥料坡面降雨產(chǎn)流時(shí)間規(guī)律呈現(xiàn)出:CK復(fù)合肥控釋肥配施肥。在配施肥、復(fù)合肥和控釋肥三個(gè)處理坡面上,產(chǎn)沙量表現(xiàn)的規(guī)律與產(chǎn)流量一致,配施肥坡面產(chǎn)沙量是復(fù)合肥的2.1倍,是控釋肥的3.2倍。通過對(duì)三個(gè)處理坡面水土及養(yǎng)分流失規(guī)律分析發(fā)現(xiàn),其大小順序呈現(xiàn)出:配施肥復(fù)合肥控釋肥。氮磷鉀三種全效養(yǎng)分損失量呈現(xiàn)出鉀素氮素磷素。在配施肥、復(fù)合肥和控釋肥處理的坡面上,配施肥坡面銨態(tài)氮損失量比控釋肥高出22.88g,配施肥硝態(tài)氮損失量比控釋肥坡面高出50.59mg。通過對(duì)各處理泥沙中顆粒態(tài)養(yǎng)分的分析發(fā)現(xiàn),配施肥、復(fù)合肥及控釋肥坡面氮素、磷素流失主要以顆粒態(tài)和溶解態(tài)共存,鉀素流失主要以顆粒態(tài)為主。2.不同作物坡面產(chǎn)沙產(chǎn)流情況存在差異,產(chǎn)流時(shí)間表現(xiàn)為CK花生地甘薯地。與對(duì)照相比,花生坡面減少了60%徑流損失及68%泥沙損失,甘薯坡面減少了57%徑流損失及91%泥沙損失。三個(gè)處理坡面養(yǎng)分流失量呈現(xiàn)出變化規(guī)律:CK花生甘薯。通過對(duì)坡面全效養(yǎng)分流失量的分析發(fā)現(xiàn),坡面種植花生和甘薯都在一定程度上降低了養(yǎng)分流失程度,甘薯坡面氮、磷、鉀損失量要低于花生坡面。與對(duì)照相比,花生坡面減少了75%氮損失、85%磷損失量及80%鉀損失量;甘薯坡面有效減少了81%氮損失量、87%磷損失量及93%鉀損失量�；ㄉ透适砥旅娴亓魇е饕匀芙鈶B(tài)為主;花生坡面磷素流失主要以顆粒態(tài)為主,而甘薯坡面主要以溶解態(tài)為主;花生和甘薯坡面全鉀主要為顆粒態(tài)為主,溶解態(tài)鉀分別只占3.34%和10.51%。3.不同覆蓋度坡面隨著坡面覆蓋度的增加,坡面產(chǎn)流產(chǎn)沙量隨覆蓋度的增加而減少,各坡面全效養(yǎng)分及銨態(tài)氮和硝態(tài)氮流失量與產(chǎn)沙產(chǎn)流量成正比關(guān)系。與對(duì)照相比,20%覆蓋度泥沙量減少了43.91%,覆蓋度增加到95%時(shí),泥沙量減少了80.48%;20%覆蓋度有效減少了23.40%徑流量,95%覆蓋度減少了60.92%徑流量。與對(duì)照相比,95%覆蓋度坡面有效減少了86%氮損失量、91%磷損失量及90%鉀損失量。95%覆蓋度坡面有效減少了86%氮損失量、91%磷損失量及90%鉀損失量。坡面徑流泥沙中各養(yǎng)分濃度隨著覆蓋度的增加而減小,植被覆蓋增加了坡面粗糙度,溶質(zhì)性質(zhì)的不同和植被的類型都影響著溶質(zhì)在土壤和徑流中的遷移。4.通過對(duì)不同處理因素下坡面養(yǎng)分流失量變化進(jìn)行方程擬合,結(jié)果證明采用三項(xiàng)式方程模擬石灰?guī)r坡面土壤養(yǎng)分流失比較適宜。不同肥料的施用對(duì)坡面養(yǎng)分流失擬合方程的相關(guān)性影響較大,控釋肥坡面各養(yǎng)分流失量的擬合系數(shù)相關(guān)性最好(R20.9)。
[Abstract]:The Taihang mountain area of Hebei Province is located in the western part of Hebei Province. The exposed surface in the mountainous area is old and is subjected to many tectonic movements. The rock formation is severely broken, and the debris flow frequency in the mountain area will take place under the impact of the heavy rain. The limestone area accounts for 30.2% of the total area of the mountain area, and the soil and water loss in the limestone area is becoming more and more serious due to natural factors and human activities for many years. in that experiment, the indoor artificial simulated rainfall device is adopt to study the soil and soil and nutrient loss in the limestone slope (slope surface fertilization, different crop and slope surface coverage) under the heavy rainfall condition, and is a treatment of soil and water loss in the slope farmland in the limestone mountain area, The control of surface source pollution in small watershed and the theoretical basis for ecological environmental management in mountain areas. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. The application of different fertilizers on the slope surface results in a large difference in soil and water and nutrient loss. The time rule of rainfall runoff in the slope of different fertilizer is as follows: the controlled-release fertilizer of the CK compound fertilizer is used for fertilization. in that three treatment slope surface of the compound fertilizer, the compound fertilizer and the controlled-release fertilizer, the law of the performance of the sediment yield is consistent with the production flow, and the sediment concentration in the distribution and fertilization slope is 2.2 times that of the compound fertilizer, and is 3.2 times of that of the controlled-release fertilizer. Through the analysis of water and soil and nutrient loss in the three treatment slopes, the order of the size of the fertilizer was as follows: the controlled-release fertilizer with the compound fertilizer. The total amount of N, P, K, N, P, K, N, P, K, N, P, N, N, P, N, N, P and K, respectively, showed that the total amount of The amount of nitrogen loss on the surface of the mixed fertilizer, the compound fertilizer and the controlled-release fertilizer is 22.88g higher than that of the controlled-release fertilizer, and the amount of the nitrogen loss of the mixed fertilizer is 50. 59mg higher than that of the controlled-release fertilizer. It was found that the loss of N and P in the mixed fertilizer, the compound fertilizer and the controlled-release fertilizer were mainly in the particle state and the dissolved state, and the loss of the potassium was mainly in the granular state. There was a difference in the yield of the sand-producing flow in the slope of different crops, and the runoff time was shown as the sweet potato field of CK and peanut. Compared with the control, the peanut slope surface reduced 60% runoff loss and 68% sediment loss, and the sweet potato slope surface reduced 57% runoff loss and 91% sediment loss. The change of the nutrient loss on the three treatment slope surfaces is as follows: CK peanut sweet potato. Through the analysis of the total-effect nutrient loss on the slope surface, it was found that the planting of the peanut and the sweet potato in the slope surface reduced the nutrient loss to a certain extent, and the loss of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the sweet potato slope was lower than that of the peanut slope. Compared with the control, the peanut slope surface reduced the loss of 75% nitrogen, the loss of 85% phosphorus and the loss of 80% potassium; the sweet potato slope surface effectively reduced the amount of 81% nitrogen loss, the loss of 87% phosphorus and the loss of 93% potassium. The loss of nitrogen in the slope of peanut and sweet potato is mainly in the dissolved state. The loss of the phosphorus in the slope of the peanut is mainly in the granular state, while the slope of the sweet potato is mainly in the dissolved state. The whole potassium in the slope of the peanut and the sweet potato is mainly the granular state, and the dissolved potassium is only 3. 34% and 10.51%. With the increase of the coverage of the slope, the runoff yield of the slope surface decreases with the increase of the coverage, and the full-effect nutrient of each slope surface and the amount of the nitrogen and the nitrogen in the nitrite form are in direct proportion to the flow rate of the sand production. Compared with the control, the 20% of the coverage of the sediment is reduced by 43. 91%, the coverage is increased to 95%, the amount of sediment is reduced by 80. 48%, the 20% coverage is effectively reduced by 23. 40% of the runoff, and the 95% coverage is reduced by 60. 92% of the runoff. In contrast to the control, the 95% coverage slope effectively reduced the amount of 86% nitrogen loss, 91% phosphorus loss and 90% potassium loss. The 95% coverage slope effectively reduced 86% nitrogen loss, 91% phosphorus loss and 90% potassium loss. The concentration of each nutrient in the runoff and sediment of the slope is reduced with the increase of the coverage, the vegetation cover increases the surface roughness, and the difference of the nature of the solute and the type of the vegetation affect the migration of the solute in the soil and the runoff. The results show that the three-binomial equation is suitable for simulating the loss of soil nutrients in the limestone slope. The relationship between the application of different fertilizers on the soil nutrient loss fitting equation and the correlation of the fit coefficient of each nutrient loss on the controlled-release fertilizer slope is the best (R20.9).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S157.1
本文編號(hào)：2348825
[Abstract]:The Taihang mountain area of Hebei Province is located in the western part of Hebei Province. The exposed surface in the mountainous area is old and is subjected to many tectonic movements. The rock formation is severely broken, and the debris flow frequency in the mountain area will take place under the impact of the heavy rain. The limestone area accounts for 30.2% of the total area of the mountain area, and the soil and water loss in the limestone area is becoming more and more serious due to natural factors and human activities for many years. in that experiment, the indoor artificial simulated rainfall device is adopt to study the soil and soil and nutrient loss in the limestone slope (slope surface fertilization, different crop and slope surface coverage) under the heavy rainfall condition, and is a treatment of soil and water loss in the slope farmland in the limestone mountain area, The control of surface source pollution in small watershed and the theoretical basis for ecological environmental management in mountain areas. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. The application of different fertilizers on the slope surface results in a large difference in soil and water and nutrient loss. The time rule of rainfall runoff in the slope of different fertilizer is as follows: the controlled-release fertilizer of the CK compound fertilizer is used for fertilization. in that three treatment slope surface of the compound fertilizer, the compound fertilizer and the controlled-release fertilizer, the law of the performance of the sediment yield is consistent with the production flow, and the sediment concentration in the distribution and fertilization slope is 2.2 times that of the compound fertilizer, and is 3.2 times of that of the controlled-release fertilizer. Through the analysis of water and soil and nutrient loss in the three treatment slopes, the order of the size of the fertilizer was as follows: the controlled-release fertilizer with the compound fertilizer. The total amount of N, P, K, N, P, K, N, P, K, N, P, N, N, P, N, N, P and K, respectively, showed that the total amount of The amount of nitrogen loss on the surface of the mixed fertilizer, the compound fertilizer and the controlled-release fertilizer is 22.88g higher than that of the controlled-release fertilizer, and the amount of the nitrogen loss of the mixed fertilizer is 50. 59mg higher than that of the controlled-release fertilizer. It was found that the loss of N and P in the mixed fertilizer, the compound fertilizer and the controlled-release fertilizer were mainly in the particle state and the dissolved state, and the loss of the potassium was mainly in the granular state. There was a difference in the yield of the sand-producing flow in the slope of different crops, and the runoff time was shown as the sweet potato field of CK and peanut. Compared with the control, the peanut slope surface reduced 60% runoff loss and 68% sediment loss, and the sweet potato slope surface reduced 57% runoff loss and 91% sediment loss. The change of the nutrient loss on the three treatment slope surfaces is as follows: CK peanut sweet potato. Through the analysis of the total-effect nutrient loss on the slope surface, it was found that the planting of the peanut and the sweet potato in the slope surface reduced the nutrient loss to a certain extent, and the loss of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the sweet potato slope was lower than that of the peanut slope. Compared with the control, the peanut slope surface reduced the loss of 75% nitrogen, the loss of 85% phosphorus and the loss of 80% potassium; the sweet potato slope surface effectively reduced the amount of 81% nitrogen loss, the loss of 87% phosphorus and the loss of 93% potassium. The loss of nitrogen in the slope of peanut and sweet potato is mainly in the dissolved state. The loss of the phosphorus in the slope of the peanut is mainly in the granular state, while the slope of the sweet potato is mainly in the dissolved state. The whole potassium in the slope of the peanut and the sweet potato is mainly the granular state, and the dissolved potassium is only 3. 34% and 10.51%. With the increase of the coverage of the slope, the runoff yield of the slope surface decreases with the increase of the coverage, and the full-effect nutrient of each slope surface and the amount of the nitrogen and the nitrogen in the nitrite form are in direct proportion to the flow rate of the sand production. Compared with the control, the 20% of the coverage of the sediment is reduced by 43. 91%, the coverage is increased to 95%, the amount of sediment is reduced by 80. 48%, the 20% coverage is effectively reduced by 23. 40% of the runoff, and the 95% coverage is reduced by 60. 92% of the runoff. In contrast to the control, the 95% coverage slope effectively reduced the amount of 86% nitrogen loss, 91% phosphorus loss and 90% potassium loss. The 95% coverage slope effectively reduced 86% nitrogen loss, 91% phosphorus loss and 90% potassium loss. The concentration of each nutrient in the runoff and sediment of the slope is reduced with the increase of the coverage, the vegetation cover increases the surface roughness, and the difference of the nature of the solute and the type of the vegetation affect the migration of the solute in the soil and the runoff. The results show that the three-binomial equation is suitable for simulating the loss of soil nutrients in the limestone slope. The relationship between the application of different fertilizers on the soil nutrient loss fitting equation and the correlation of the fit coefficient of each nutrient loss on the controlled-release fertilizer slope is the best (R20.9).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S157.1
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條
1 弓運(yùn)澤;周大邁;任士魁;;太行山石灰?guī)r區(qū)主要植被群落特征研究(英文)[J];Agricultural Science & Technology;2011年12期
，本文編號(hào)：2348825
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