氮運籌模式下冬小麥籽粒蛋白光譜監(jiān)測及氮虧缺模型研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-16 10:36
【摘要】：糧食生產(chǎn)是社會可持續(xù)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ),在提高產(chǎn)量的同時,籽粒品質(zhì)受到越來越多的重視,實時監(jiān)測作物籽粒品質(zhì),可以合理調(diào)整農(nóng)田管理,實現(xiàn)糧食優(yōu)質(zhì)生產(chǎn)。氮素是作物生長重要元素之一,合理施用氮肥是農(nóng)業(yè)增產(chǎn)的重要手段。然而氮肥的不合理施用,會造成氮肥利用效率降低及環(huán)境污染等現(xiàn)象,因此實時快速監(jiān)測作物氮素虧缺狀況,進(jìn)行科學(xué)施肥管理,對提高小麥產(chǎn)量、改善品質(zhì)和保護(hù)環(huán)境意義重大。本研究通過分析不同氮運籌模式下冬小麥各生育時期農(nóng)學(xué)參數(shù)、氮虧缺量和冠層光譜的關(guān)系,運用多元統(tǒng)計分析方法提取農(nóng)學(xué)參數(shù)光譜敏感波段,建立相應(yīng)的光譜監(jiān)測模型和氮虧缺模型,并利用“冠層光譜-農(nóng)學(xué)參數(shù)-籽粒蛋白質(zhì)產(chǎn)量”這一技術(shù)路線,建立了冬小麥籽粒蛋白質(zhì)產(chǎn)量估測模型。結(jié)果表明：1、整個生育期不同氮運籌模式冬小麥冠層光譜曲線基本一致,隨施氮水平增加,可見光區(qū)反射率降低,近紅外波段升高,紅邊參數(shù)與吸收特征參數(shù)隨施氮量增加而增大,但300kg·hm-2與225 kg·hm-2處理差異不明顯；同一施氮水平下,5：5基追比處理在可見光波段反射率較7：3處理低,近紅外波段反射率高。2、冬小麥葉面積指數(shù)(LAI)和葉綠素含量隨生育時期的推進(jìn)呈“先增后降”,地上千生物量與植株氮積累量(PNA)呈逐漸增加的趨勢；不同生育時期LAI、葉綠素含量、干生物量和植株氮積累量變化趨勢一致,隨施氮量的增加逐漸增大；相同氮水平下,5：5基追比處理高于7：3處理�；赑LS-SMLR逐步回歸分析提取的LAI、葉綠素含量和植株氮積累量光譜敏感波段分別為775、765、1060nm;675、935、725、560、865mm和550、445、400、725、975、530、840 nm。3、冬小麥籽粒蛋白質(zhì)產(chǎn)量在300 kg·hm-2與225 kg·hm-2處理間差異不顯著,與150 kg·hm-2不施氮處理間存在顯著差異;同一施氮水平,5：5基追比處理高于7：3處理。籽粒蛋白質(zhì)產(chǎn)量與灌漿期LAI和PNA具有較高的線性相關(guān),與開花期葉綠素含量相關(guān)性最大；采用各參數(shù)為中間變量建立的籽粒蛋白質(zhì)產(chǎn)量光譜估測模型精度(R2)較高,均方根差(RMSE)和相對誤差(RE)均較低,其中尤以PNA-GPY光譜估測模型效果最佳。因此,可依據(jù)灌漿期小麥冠層光譜實現(xiàn)籽粒蛋白質(zhì)產(chǎn)量的監(jiān)測,為作物合理生產(chǎn)提供依據(jù)。4、開花前,冬小麥氮營養(yǎng)指數(shù)(NNI)隨施氮量增加而逐漸增大,氮虧缺量(Nand)則逐漸減�。话喂�(jié)期、孕穗期和開花期,同一施氮水平下5：5基追比處理NNI高于7：3處理.而Nand則反之�；赑LS-SMLR逐步分析,不同氮運籌模式冬小麥氮虧缺量光譜監(jiān)測的主要波段為440 nm和610nm,所建立的估測模型R2較高,RMSE和RE均較低。因此,可通過冬小麥開花前各生育時期的光譜變化,適當(dāng)施氮,以滿足作物生長營養(yǎng)需求。
[Abstract]:Grain production is the basis of sustainable development of society. Grain quality is paid more and more attention at the same time of increasing yield. Monitoring crop grain quality in real time can adjust farmland management reasonably and realize grain quality production. Nitrogen is one of the important elements in crop growth, and rational application of nitrogen fertilizer is an important means to increase agricultural yield. However, the unreasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer will lead to the reduction of nitrogen use efficiency and environmental pollution. Therefore, real-time and rapid monitoring of crop nitrogen deficit and scientific fertilization management can improve wheat yield. It is of great significance to improve quality and protect the environment. By analyzing the relationship between agronomic parameters, nitrogen deficit and canopy spectrum of winter wheat in different nitrogen patterns, the spectral sensitive bands of agronomic parameters were extracted by multivariate statistical analysis. The spectral monitoring model and nitrogen deficit model were established, and the estimation model of grain protein yield of winter wheat was established by using the technique route of "canopy spectrum, agronomic parameter and grain protein yield". The results showed that: 1. The spectral curve of winter wheat canopy was basically the same during the whole growth period. With the increase of nitrogen application level, the reflectivity of visible light region decreased, and the near infrared band increased. The red edge parameter and absorption characteristic parameter increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, but there was no significant difference between 300kg hm-2 and 225 kg hm-2 treatment. Under the same nitrogen application level, the reflectivity of the 5:5 base ratio treatment was lower than 7:3 treatment, and the near infrared band reflectivity was higher than 7:3 treatment. The leaf area index (LAI) and chlorophyll content of winter wheat increased first and then decreased with the development of growth period, and the biomass of thousands and (PNA) of plant nitrogen increased gradually. The chlorophyll content, dry biomass and plant nitrogen accumulation of LAI, were the same at different growth stages, and gradually increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, and the 5:5 basal topdressing ratio treatment was higher than 7:3 treatment under the same nitrogen level. The spectral sensitive bands of chlorophyll content and nitrogen accumulation of LAI, extracted by PLS-SMLR stepwise regression analysis were 775 765 (1060 nm). 675935725560865mm and 550445400725975530840 nm.3, winter wheat grain protein yield had no significant difference between 300 kg hm-2 and 225 kg hm-2 treatments, and there was significant difference between the treatment with 150 kg hm-2 nitrogen application. At the same nitrogen level, the 5:5 basal topdressing ratio was higher than 7:3 treatment. There was a high linear correlation between grain protein yield and LAI and PNA at grain filling stage, and the highest correlation between grain protein yield and chlorophyll content at flowering stage. The precision (R2) of the spectral estimation model of grain protein yield was high, the root mean square difference (RMSE) and the relative error (RE) were lower, especially the PNA-GPY spectral estimation model was the best. Therefore, the grain protein yield could be monitored according to wheat canopy spectrum at grain filling stage. 4. Before flowering, the nitrogen nutrition index (NNI) of winter wheat increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. The amount of nitrogen deficit (Nand) decreased gradually. At jointing stage, booting stage and flowering stage, NNI of 5:5 basal topdressing treatment was higher than 7:3 treatment under the same nitrogen application level. Nand is the opposite. Based on PLS-SMLR stepwise analysis, the main bands of nitrogen deficit monitoring of winter wheat were 440 nm and 610 nm in different nitrogen patterns. The established estimation model R2 was higher, and RMSE and RE were lower. Therefore, the growth and nutrition needs of winter wheat can be satisfied by the spectral changes of each growing period before flowering and the proper application of nitrogen.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S127;S512.11
[Abstract]:Grain production is the basis of sustainable development of society. Grain quality is paid more and more attention at the same time of increasing yield. Monitoring crop grain quality in real time can adjust farmland management reasonably and realize grain quality production. Nitrogen is one of the important elements in crop growth, and rational application of nitrogen fertilizer is an important means to increase agricultural yield. However, the unreasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer will lead to the reduction of nitrogen use efficiency and environmental pollution. Therefore, real-time and rapid monitoring of crop nitrogen deficit and scientific fertilization management can improve wheat yield. It is of great significance to improve quality and protect the environment. By analyzing the relationship between agronomic parameters, nitrogen deficit and canopy spectrum of winter wheat in different nitrogen patterns, the spectral sensitive bands of agronomic parameters were extracted by multivariate statistical analysis. The spectral monitoring model and nitrogen deficit model were established, and the estimation model of grain protein yield of winter wheat was established by using the technique route of "canopy spectrum, agronomic parameter and grain protein yield". The results showed that: 1. The spectral curve of winter wheat canopy was basically the same during the whole growth period. With the increase of nitrogen application level, the reflectivity of visible light region decreased, and the near infrared band increased. The red edge parameter and absorption characteristic parameter increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, but there was no significant difference between 300kg hm-2 and 225 kg hm-2 treatment. Under the same nitrogen application level, the reflectivity of the 5:5 base ratio treatment was lower than 7:3 treatment, and the near infrared band reflectivity was higher than 7:3 treatment. The leaf area index (LAI) and chlorophyll content of winter wheat increased first and then decreased with the development of growth period, and the biomass of thousands and (PNA) of plant nitrogen increased gradually. The chlorophyll content, dry biomass and plant nitrogen accumulation of LAI, were the same at different growth stages, and gradually increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, and the 5:5 basal topdressing ratio treatment was higher than 7:3 treatment under the same nitrogen level. The spectral sensitive bands of chlorophyll content and nitrogen accumulation of LAI, extracted by PLS-SMLR stepwise regression analysis were 775 765 (1060 nm). 675935725560865mm and 550445400725975530840 nm.3, winter wheat grain protein yield had no significant difference between 300 kg hm-2 and 225 kg hm-2 treatments, and there was significant difference between the treatment with 150 kg hm-2 nitrogen application. At the same nitrogen level, the 5:5 basal topdressing ratio was higher than 7:3 treatment. There was a high linear correlation between grain protein yield and LAI and PNA at grain filling stage, and the highest correlation between grain protein yield and chlorophyll content at flowering stage. The precision (R2) of the spectral estimation model of grain protein yield was high, the root mean square difference (RMSE) and the relative error (RE) were lower, especially the PNA-GPY spectral estimation model was the best. Therefore, the grain protein yield could be monitored according to wheat canopy spectrum at grain filling stage. 4. Before flowering, the nitrogen nutrition index (NNI) of winter wheat increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. The amount of nitrogen deficit (Nand) decreased gradually. At jointing stage, booting stage and flowering stage, NNI of 5:5 basal topdressing treatment was higher than 7:3 treatment under the same nitrogen application level. Nand is the opposite. Based on PLS-SMLR stepwise analysis, the main bands of nitrogen deficit monitoring of winter wheat were 440 nm and 610 nm in different nitrogen patterns. The established estimation model R2 was higher, and RMSE and RE were lower. Therefore, the growth and nutrition needs of winter wheat can be satisfied by the spectral changes of each growing period before flowering and the proper application of nitrogen.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S127;S512.11
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 湯旭光;宋開山;劉殿偉;王宗明;張柏;杜嘉;曾麗紅;姜廣甲;王遠(yuǎn)東;;基于可見/近紅外反射光譜的大豆葉綠素含量估算方法比較[J];光譜學(xué)與光譜分析;2011年02期
2 趙春江,劉良云,周漢昌,王紀(jì)華,薛緒掌;歸一化差異植被指數(shù)儀的研制與應(yīng)用[J];光學(xué)技術(shù);2004年03期
3 彭彥昆;黃慧;王偉;吳建虎;王秀;;基于LS-SVM和高光譜技術(shù)的玉米葉片葉綠素含量檢測[J];江蘇大學(xué)學(xué)報(自然科學(xué)版);2011年02期
4 蔣永忠,吳金桂,婁德仁,楊瓊,孫麗,袁先進(jìn),梁明華,王治安;氮素化肥對農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)環(huán)境的污染及其控制措施[J];江蘇農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);1998年06期
5 陳江魯;王克如;李少昆;肖春華;陳兵;王方永;金秀良;呂銀亮;刁萬英;王瓊;王楷;何晟國;;基于光譜參數(shù)的棉花葉面積指數(shù)監(jiān)測和敏感性分析[J];棉花學(xué)報;2011年06期
6 劉國順;李向陽;劉大雙;喻奇?zhèn)?;利用冠層光譜估測煙草葉面積指數(shù)和地上生物量[J];生態(tài)學(xué)報;2007年05期
7 馮偉;朱艷;田永超;曹衛(wèi)星;郭天財;王晨陽;;利用高光譜遙感預(yù)測小麥籽粒蛋白質(zhì)產(chǎn)量[J];生態(tài)學(xué)雜志;2008年06期
8 司友斌,王慎強,陳懷滿;農(nóng)田氮、磷的流失與水體富營養(yǎng)化[J];土壤;2000年04期
9 趙r，
本文編號：2335277
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/kejilunwen/nykj/2335277.html
最近更新
教材專著
