【摘要】：寶(雞)天(水)高速公路是國(guó)家規(guī)劃的“兩縱兩橫”公路主干線連云港至霍爾果斯國(guó)道在甘肅境內(nèi)的重要組成部分,是連接甘肅、陜西兩省的重要省際通道。采集公路沿線具有代表性的喬灌木、灌木和草本地的土壤,測(cè)定土壤理化性質(zhì)和微生物數(shù)量及其種屬組成,分析微生物與環(huán)境因子的相關(guān)性,研究公路建設(shè)對(duì)沿線土壤的影響。結(jié)果如下:(1)理化性質(zhì)土壤含水量、鹽分、PH、速效氮和速效磷表現(xiàn)為天然林大于人工林,有機(jī)質(zhì)和速效鉀含量表現(xiàn)為天然林小于人工林;土壤含水量和有機(jī)質(zhì)表現(xiàn)為混合林大于純林,土壤鹽分、速效磷和速效鉀含量表現(xiàn)為混合林小于純林;公路建設(shè)影響了土壤的理化性質(zhì),但影響程度較小。(2)數(shù)量特征細(xì)菌、放線菌和固氮菌為純林大于混合林,真菌、有機(jī)磷分解菌和解鉀菌為純林小于混合林;細(xì)菌為天然林小于人工林,真菌、放線菌、有機(jī)磷分解菌、解鉀菌和固氮菌數(shù)量為天然林大于人工林。灌草下的微生物數(shù)量最多,其次是草本地,喬灌草下的最少。公路建設(shè)減少了細(xì)菌、真菌和解鉀菌的數(shù)量,增加了放線菌、固氮菌和有機(jī)磷分解菌的數(shù)量。(3)種屬組成細(xì)菌有10屬,常見(jiàn)屬有固氮菌屬、土壤桿菌屬、微球菌屬和芽孢桿菌屬;真菌有8屬,常見(jiàn)屬有根霉、毛霉、青霉、曲霉和木霉菌屬;放線菌90%以上為鏈霉菌屬,此外含有少量的小單孢菌屬。(4)相關(guān)性分析細(xì)菌與海拔呈極顯著負(fù)相關(guān),與真菌呈顯著正相關(guān),與速效磷呈正相關(guān);放線菌與鹽分呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),與速效鉀呈極顯著正相關(guān);固氮菌與鹽分呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),與速效鉀呈極顯著正相關(guān);有機(jī)磷分解菌與固氮菌呈極顯著正相關(guān)。(5)保護(hù)措施根據(jù)土壤特點(diǎn),提出了土壤改良、路域綠化和公路管理等生境保護(hù)措施。
[Abstract]:Bao (Ji) Tian (Shui) Expressway is an important part of Lianyungang to Horgoz National Highway in Gansu Province, which is an important provincial corridor connecting Gansu and Shaanxi provinces. The soil of tree shrub, shrub and grass along the highway was collected, the physical and chemical properties of soil, the quantity of microorganism and its species composition were determined, the correlation between microorganism and environmental factors was analyzed, and the influence of highway construction on soil along the route was studied. The results were as follows: (1) the physical and chemical properties of soil moisture, salt, PH, available nitrogen and available phosphorus were higher in natural forest than in artificial forest, and the contents of organic matter and available potassium in natural forest were smaller than those in plantation; Soil water content and organic matter were higher in mixed forest than in pure forest, and the contents of soil salt, available phosphorus and available potassium in mixed forest were smaller than those in pure forest. The physical and chemical properties of soil were affected by highway construction, but to a lesser extent. (2) the number of characteristic bacteria, actinomycetes and nitrogen-fixing bacteria were larger in pure forest than in mixed forest, fungi, organophosphorus decomposing bacteria and potassium lytic bacteria were smaller than mixed forest; The number of bacteria in natural forest was smaller than that in artificial forest, and the number of fungi, actinomycetes, organophosphorus decomposing bacteria, potassium lyase bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in natural forest was larger than that in artificial forest. The amount of microorganism under shrub was the most, followed by herbaceous land, and the lowest under Arbor and shrub grass. Highway construction has reduced the number of bacteria, fungi and potassium bacteria, increased the number of actinomycetes, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and organophosphorus decomposition bacteria. Micrococcus and Bacillus; Fungi have 8 genera, common are Rhizopus, Mucor, Penicillium, Aspergillus and Trichoderma; More than 90% of actinomycetes belong to Streptomyces and a small amount of Micromonosporium. (4) the correlation analysis showed that bacteria were negatively correlated with altitude, positively correlated with fungi and positively correlated with rapidly available phosphorus. Actinomycetes had a significant negative correlation with salt and a very significant positive correlation with available potassium, nitrogen-fixing bacteria had a significant negative correlation with salt, and a very significant positive correlation with available potassium. Organophosphorus decomposing bacteria were positively correlated with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. (5) according to soil characteristics, soil improvement, road greening and highway management were put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S154.1

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