溝壟覆膜連作種植對(duì)馬鈴薯田土壤微生物區(qū)系及酶活性的影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-15 09:54
【摘要】：為了探究連作條件下不同種植方式對(duì)馬鈴薯田土壤微生物群落、土壤酶活性以及馬鈴薯產(chǎn)量影響的差異,以當(dāng)?shù)刂髟云贩N“新大坪”為試驗(yàn)材料,研究了平畦不覆膜(CK)、平畦覆膜(T1)、全膜雙壟壟播(T2)、全膜雙壟溝播(T3)、半膜溝壟壟播(T4)、半膜膜側(cè)種植(T5)6種栽培模式對(duì)馬鈴薯第2、第3年連作田土壤微生物數(shù)量、土壤酶活性以及馬鈴薯產(chǎn)量的影響。以期為隴中半干旱地區(qū)馬鈴薯可持續(xù)生產(chǎn)提供理論依據(jù)和技術(shù)支撐。獲得如下主要結(jié)論:1.連作條件下,全膜覆蓋種植和半膜壟播對(duì)土壤細(xì)菌數(shù)量的增加具有促進(jìn)作用,半膜壟播促進(jìn)作用最大;除半膜壟播外,其他種植方式對(duì)真菌數(shù)量的增加均具有抑制作用,全膜壟播抑制作用最大;覆膜對(duì)放線菌數(shù)量的增加均具有抑制作用,半膜溝播抑制作用最大,且全膜覆蓋小于半膜覆蓋,壟播小于溝播;全膜溝播最有利于B/F值的提高,改善土壤微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)的效果最好。2.溝壟覆膜對(duì)土壤固氮菌數(shù)量的增加具有一定的促進(jìn)作用,全膜覆蓋大于半膜覆蓋;而5種覆膜方式對(duì)硝化細(xì)菌存在抑制作用,以全膜溝播抑制作用最大;平畦不覆膜對(duì)反硝化細(xì)菌促進(jìn)作用最大,而全膜壟播對(duì)反硝化細(xì)菌抑制作用最大。3.平畦覆膜能夠提高土壤過(guò)氧化氫酶活性;各處理脲酶活性降低,半膜壟播抑制作用最大;各種植方式下,土壤堿性磷酸酶活性均大幅度降低,但處理間差異不明顯;溝壟覆膜能夠保持較高的蔗糖酶活性,半膜壟播蔗糖酶活性最高。4.不同種植方式下,土壤細(xì)菌、氮素生理群以及3種土壤酶活性8個(gè)指標(biāo)間存在極顯著正向作用;磷素利用效率與B/F值、氮素利用效率間也存在極顯著的正向作用;而真菌與氮素轉(zhuǎn)化利用效率間存在極顯著的負(fù)向作用。5.半膜壟播馬鈴薯干物重最高,全膜壟播次之;全膜溝播養(yǎng)分利用效率最高,且全膜高于半膜,溝播高于壟播;覆膜能夠保持馬鈴薯較高產(chǎn)量水平,壟播效果較好。
[Abstract]:In order to explore the difference of soil microbial community, soil enzyme activity and potato yield under continuous cropping conditions, the main local cultivar "Xindaping" was used as experimental material to study (CK), of flat furrow without film mulching. The soil microorganism quantity of potato in the 2nd and 3rd year was treated by six cultivation modes: film mulching (T1), full film double ridge sowing (T2), full film double ridge sowing (T 3), half film furrow sowing (T 4), half film side planting (T 5), and half film side planting (T 5). Effects of soil enzyme activity and potato yield. In order to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the sustainable production of potato in the semiarid region of Longzhong. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. Under the condition of continuous cropping, full film mulch planting and half film ridge sowing could promote the increase of soil bacterial number, and half film ridge sowing had the most promoting effect. With the exception of semi-film ridge sowing, the other planting methods all had inhibitory effect on the increase of fungi number, and the whole film ridge sowing had the most inhibitory effect. Film mulching can inhibit the increase of actinomycetes, half film furrow seeding is the most effective, and the whole film cover is less than half film cover, ridge sowing is less than furrow sowing. The whole film furrow seeding was most beneficial to the increase of B / F value, and the effect of improving soil microbial community structure was the best. 2. Furrow mulching had a certain effect on the increase of soil nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and the total film mulch was larger than the half-film mulch, and the five film mulching methods had the inhibitory effect on nitrifying bacteria, especially the whole film furrow seeding. The effect of film mulching on denitrifying bacteria was the greatest, while the inhibition of denitrifying bacteria by whole film ridge sowing was the greatest. The soil catalase activity was increased by mulching of flat furrow, urease activity decreased in each treatment, and the inhibition effect of semi-film ridge seeding was the greatest. The alkaline phosphatase activity of soil decreased significantly under different planting patterns, but there was no significant difference between treatments. Furrow film mulching could maintain high sucrase activity, while semilayer ridge seeding had the highest sucrase activity. 4. Under different planting patterns, there were significant positive effects among soil bacteria, physiological groups of nitrogen and 8 indexes of soil enzyme activity, and there were also significant positive effects among P use efficiency, B / F value and N use efficiency. However, there was a significant negative effect between fungi and nitrogen conversion efficiency. 5. 5. Half film ridge sowing potato dry weight is the highest, the whole film ridge sowing is the second; the whole film furrow sowing nutrient utilization efficiency is the highest, and the whole film is higher than half film, the furrow sowing is higher than the ridge sowing; the film mulching can maintain the potato higher yield level, the ridge sowing effect is better.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S532;S154
本文編號(hào)：2332962
[Abstract]:In order to explore the difference of soil microbial community, soil enzyme activity and potato yield under continuous cropping conditions, the main local cultivar "Xindaping" was used as experimental material to study (CK), of flat furrow without film mulching. The soil microorganism quantity of potato in the 2nd and 3rd year was treated by six cultivation modes: film mulching (T1), full film double ridge sowing (T2), full film double ridge sowing (T 3), half film furrow sowing (T 4), half film side planting (T 5), and half film side planting (T 5). Effects of soil enzyme activity and potato yield. In order to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the sustainable production of potato in the semiarid region of Longzhong. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. Under the condition of continuous cropping, full film mulch planting and half film ridge sowing could promote the increase of soil bacterial number, and half film ridge sowing had the most promoting effect. With the exception of semi-film ridge sowing, the other planting methods all had inhibitory effect on the increase of fungi number, and the whole film ridge sowing had the most inhibitory effect. Film mulching can inhibit the increase of actinomycetes, half film furrow seeding is the most effective, and the whole film cover is less than half film cover, ridge sowing is less than furrow sowing. The whole film furrow seeding was most beneficial to the increase of B / F value, and the effect of improving soil microbial community structure was the best. 2. Furrow mulching had a certain effect on the increase of soil nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and the total film mulch was larger than the half-film mulch, and the five film mulching methods had the inhibitory effect on nitrifying bacteria, especially the whole film furrow seeding. The effect of film mulching on denitrifying bacteria was the greatest, while the inhibition of denitrifying bacteria by whole film ridge sowing was the greatest. The soil catalase activity was increased by mulching of flat furrow, urease activity decreased in each treatment, and the inhibition effect of semi-film ridge seeding was the greatest. The alkaline phosphatase activity of soil decreased significantly under different planting patterns, but there was no significant difference between treatments. Furrow film mulching could maintain high sucrase activity, while semilayer ridge seeding had the highest sucrase activity. 4. Under different planting patterns, there were significant positive effects among soil bacteria, physiological groups of nitrogen and 8 indexes of soil enzyme activity, and there were also significant positive effects among P use efficiency, B / F value and N use efficiency. However, there was a significant negative effect between fungi and nitrogen conversion efficiency. 5. 5. Half film ridge sowing potato dry weight is the highest, the whole film ridge sowing is the second; the whole film furrow sowing nutrient utilization efficiency is the highest, and the whole film is higher than half film, the furrow sowing is higher than the ridge sowing; the film mulching can maintain the potato higher yield level, the ridge sowing effect is better.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S532;S154
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條
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2 李潮海;王小星;王群;郝四平;;不同質(zhì)地土壤玉米根際生物活性研究[J];中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2007年02期
，本文編號(hào)：2332962
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