發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-13 11:13

【摘要】：秸稈資源化利用對于農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境保護(hù)和可持續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展具有重要意義.利用實(shí)驗(yàn)室分離獲得的15株高效纖維素降解菌,篩選出可有效降解秸稈的復(fù)合菌劑JFB-1,研究了復(fù)合菌劑秸稈堆肥對土壤碳氮含量和酶活性的影響.結(jié)果表明,接種該復(fù)合菌劑能將秸稈堆肥的單個(gè)發(fā)酵周期縮短1~2 d,堆肥中有機(jī)質(zhì)含量達(dá)到403.5~515.1 g·kg-1,C/N比降低至15.30~10.53.盆栽試驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),施用水稻秸稈堆肥的效果總體好于相應(yīng)的蘆筍秸稈堆肥.與水稻秸稈對照堆肥比較,施用復(fù)合菌劑處理的水稻秸稈堆肥150 g·kg-1時(shí),土壤中有機(jī)質(zhì)和全氮含量分別提高33.5%和7.3%,土壤脲酶和纖維素酶活性分別提高16.7%和30.8%;與不施肥處理比較,施用秸稈堆肥可改善土壤微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu),增加微生物多樣性指數(shù).當(dāng)施用復(fù)合菌劑處理的水稻秸稈堆肥100 g·kg-1時(shí),栽培30 d的普通白菜生物量比水稻秸稈對照堆肥提高46.4%,表明復(fù)合菌劑JFB-1在秸稈堆肥中具有很大的應(yīng)用潛力.
[Abstract]:The utilization of straw is of great significance to the protection of agricultural environment and sustainable agricultural development. The effect of straw compost on soil carbon and nitrogen content and enzyme activity was studied by using 15 strains of high efficiency cellulose degrading bacteria isolated in laboratory. The compound bacteria JFB-1, was selected to effectively degrade straw. The results showed that the single fermentation period of straw compost could be shortened by 1 ~ 2 days, and the organic matter content in the compost could reach 403.5 ~ 515.1 g kg-1,C/N / L to 15.30 ~ 10.53 g / kg-1,C/N. Pot experiment showed that the effect of rice straw compost was better than that of asparagus straw compost. Compared with the control compost of rice straw, the organic matter and total nitrogen content in the soil were increased by 33.5% and 7.3%, respectively, when the rice straw compost was treated with compound fungicides for 150g kg-1. Soil urease and cellulase activities increased by 16.7% and 30.8% respectively. Compared with no fertilizer application, straw compost could improve soil microbial community structure and increase microbial diversity index. When the rice straw compost treated with the compound fungicides was used for 100g kg-1, the biomass of the common cabbage cultivated for 30 days was 46.4% higher than that of the rice straw control compost, which indicated that the compound fungicide JFB-1 had great application potential in the straw compost.
【作者單位】： 西南大學(xué)資源環(huán)境學(xué)院三峽庫區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;上海交通大學(xué)農(nóng)業(yè)與生物學(xué)院農(nóng)業(yè)部都市農(nóng)業(yè)(南方)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;中新農(nóng)業(yè)泰生示范農(nóng)場;上海市金山區(qū)山陽鎮(zhèn)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心;
【基金】：中國博士后科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(2016590362) 國家高技術(shù)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃(863)項(xiàng)目(2012AA101405)
【分類號(hào)】：S153.6;S154.2

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