【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展,農(nóng)林廢棄物的生產(chǎn)量越來(lái)越多,其被廢置或焚燒的現(xiàn)象日益凸顯。農(nóng)作物秸稈作為農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物的主要來(lái)源,其用途也受到更多人的關(guān)注。生物質(zhì)炭是作物秸稈等生物質(zhì)原料在高溫限氧條件下生成的一類(lèi)高度芳香化、難分解的含碳物質(zhì),農(nóng)田施用生物質(zhì)炭后不僅可以減少土壤養(yǎng)分的淋失,改善土壤結(jié)構(gòu),還能夠起到固碳減排、增加作物產(chǎn)量、改善作物品質(zhì)的效果。由于生物質(zhì)炭具有孔隙性、比表面積大、表面附著電荷等特性,對(duì)養(yǎng)分有一定的固持能力,因此,可以生物質(zhì)炭作為肥料的載體,與化肥采用一定的工藝制備成生物質(zhì)炭基緩釋肥料。本文選取小麥秸稈為試驗(yàn)材料,進(jìn)行改性制得兩種改性生物質(zhì)炭基肥,利用SEM和XPS分析炭基肥的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)并比較改性炭基肥在小麥和青椒生長(zhǎng)中的應(yīng)用效果。主要結(jié)果如下:(1)磷酸活化的半改性和改性生物質(zhì)炭與常規(guī)生物質(zhì)炭相比,表面官能團(tuán)數(shù)量和比表面積有所增加,改性的炭基肥較常規(guī)炭基肥的表面結(jié)構(gòu)中分布著更多的養(yǎng)分,且炭基肥與復(fù)合肥相比養(yǎng)分緩釋效果更明顯;(2)生物質(zhì)炭基肥料施用于小麥生長(zhǎng)的試驗(yàn)表明:小麥追肥條件下,各施肥處理對(duì)小麥植株和籽粒中氮磷養(yǎng)分的吸收和產(chǎn)量性狀無(wú)顯著影響;小麥未追肥條件下,與追肥時(shí)相比減少施氮量95%,雖然對(duì)小麥養(yǎng)分吸收和產(chǎn)量亦無(wú)顯著差異,但相同施肥處理的氮素偏生產(chǎn)力比追肥時(shí)提高一倍以上。因此,生物質(zhì)炭基肥在保證小麥產(chǎn)量的前提下,可以減少肥料施用量,提高肥料養(yǎng)分利用率。(3)生物質(zhì)炭基肥料施用于青椒生長(zhǎng)的試驗(yàn)表明:生物質(zhì)炭基肥(總養(yǎng)分37%)與復(fù)合肥(總養(yǎng)分45%)等量施用的情況下,半改性和改性生物質(zhì)炭基肥處理(BF2和BF3)較CF處理可以顯著提高青椒的產(chǎn)量,增幅分別為16.6%和18.0%;BF2處理的可溶性蛋白含量比CF提高18.24%;BF3處理較CF處理顯著降低有機(jī)酸含量幅度達(dá)13.70%;三種生物質(zhì)炭基肥處理與復(fù)合肥相比都可以顯著降低青椒果實(shí)中硝酸鹽的含量,從而提高蔬菜的安全品質(zhì)。
[Abstract]:With the development of agriculture in China, more and more agricultural and forestry wastes are produced, and the phenomenon of waste or incineration becomes more and more prominent. As the main source of agricultural waste, crop straw has attracted more and more attention. Biomass carbon is a kind of highly aromatization and difficult to decompose carbon-bearing substance which is produced by crop straw and other biomass raw materials under the condition of high temperature and oxygen limit. The application of biomass carbon in farmland can not only reduce the leaching loss of soil nutrients but also improve the soil structure. Can also play a solid carbon emission reduction, increase crop yield, improve crop quality effect. Biomass carbon can be used as the carrier of fertilizer because of its porosity, large specific surface area, surface charge and so on. Biomass carbon based slow-release fertilizer was prepared by a certain process with chemical fertilizer. In this paper, two kinds of modified biomass carbon fertilizer were prepared by using wheat straw as experimental material. The microstructure of carbon based fertilizer was analyzed by SEM and XPS, and the application effect of modified carbon base fertilizer in wheat and green pepper growth was compared. The main results are as follows: (1) compared with conventional biomass carbon, the number of surface functional groups and specific surface area of phosphoric acid activated semi-modified and modified biomass carbon increased. The surface structure of modified carbon based fertilizer is more abundant than that of conventional carbon based fertilizer, and the effect of slow release of carbon based fertilizer is more obvious than that of compound fertilizer. (2) the experiment of applying biomass carbon fertilizer to wheat growth showed that under the condition of topdressing, the nitrogen and phosphorus uptake and yield characters of wheat plant and grain were not significantly affected by different fertilization treatments; Under the condition of no topdressing, the nitrogen application amount decreased 95%, although there was no significant difference in nutrient absorption and yield of wheat, the nitrogen partial productivity of the same fertilization treatment was more than twice as high as that of the top dressing treatment. Therefore, biomass based carbon fertilizer can reduce the amount of fertilizer on the premise of wheat yield. (3) Biomass carbon fertilizer was applied to the growth of green pepper. The results showed that biomass carbon fertilizer (37% of total nutrient) was applied in the same amount as compound fertilizer (45% of total nutrient). Compared with CF treatment, semi-modified and modified biomass carbon based fertilizer (BF2 and BF3) could significantly increase the yield of green pepper by 16.6% and 18.0%, respectively. The content of soluble protein in BF2 treatment was higher than that in CF treatment, and the content of organic acid in BF3 treatment was significantly lower than that in CF treatment, and the content of organic acid in BF3 treatment was 13.70% higher than that in CF treatment. Compared with compound fertilizer, three kinds of biomass carbon fertilizer could significantly reduce the nitrate content in green pepper fruit and improve the safety quality of vegetables.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S141

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