【摘要】：本文以瑪納斯縣農田鹽堿斑為研究對象,通過對43個鹽堿斑的野外調查采樣和室內分析,探討了農田鹽堿斑內外土壤剖面鹽分特征、斑塊效應、土壤質地和土壤pH值的研究,取得了如下結果:(1)鹽堿斑的形成與鹽分相關的占所調查總樣點數(shù)的51.2%,按照斑心土壤表層鹽分含量將鹽堿斑劃分為輕度、中度、重度以及鹽土4種鹽漬化類型。鹽堿斑從斑心向外鹽分含量差異顯著(P0.01),即斑心邊緣外部。在土壤剖面上,重度鹽漬化和鹽土類型的鹽堿斑鹽分表聚特征最明顯(0-10 cm),而中度鹽漬化鹽堿斑土壤鹽分積累區(qū)下降至10-20 cm,輕度鹽漬化鹽堿斑鹽分在剖面上分布相對均一。鹽堿斑的斑塊效應從斑內向斑外總體上呈減小趨勢,而同一采樣部位不同鹽漬化程度的鹽堿斑的斑塊效應差異不顯著。(2)各鹽漬化程度的鹽堿斑土壤粉粒百分比均大于砂粒和黏粒,不受鹽分影響的斑塊土壤剖面的顆粒組成變化不明顯,該類斑塊質地類型主要為粘壤土,輕、中、重、鹽土粉粒的平均含量所占的比例超過了50%,重度鹽漬化鹽堿斑粉粒百分比達到了62.64%,砂粒相對逐漸減小。(3)各鹽堿斑土壤pH值均8,重度鹽漬化的鹽堿斑土壤pH值最大,輕度鹽漬化和中度鹽漬化程度的鹽堿斑土壤pH值最小;變異系數(shù)較小,屬于弱變異和中等變異水平,最大變異系數(shù)僅為最小變異系數(shù)的1.43倍,在所有鹽漬化程度類型的鹽堿斑剖面土壤pH變化幅度均不大。各鹽漬化程度鹽堿斑鹽分與質地的相關性為:從砂粒、粉粒到粘粒相關性依次從顯著負相關到顯著正相關,各鹽漬化程度鹽堿斑鹽分與土壤p H的相關性為:輕度鹽漬化鹽堿斑與不受鹽分影響的斑塊具有相關性,即土壤質地與pH值已成為鹽堿斑鹽分累積的重要影響因素。研究結果可為今后以點帶面地開展綠洲農田鹽堿斑綜合治理提供基礎數(shù)據(jù)和改良思路。
[Abstract]:Based on the field investigation and indoor analysis of 43 saline-alkali spots in Manas County, the characteristics of soil salinity, patch effect, soil texture and soil pH value were studied in this paper. The results were as follows: (1) saline-alkali spots were divided into four salinization types: mild, moderate, severe and salinized soil according to the salt content in the surface layer of the soil, which accounted for 51.2% of the total number of salinized spots. The salt content of saline-alkali spots was significantly different from the center of the spot to the outside (P0.01), that is, the outside of the edge of the center of the spot. In soil profile, saline-alkali spot salt accumulation of severe salinization and saline-soil type was the most obvious (0-10 cm), and moderate salinization saline-alkali spot soil salt accumulation area decreased to 10-20 cm,). The distribution of saline-alkali spot salt in the profile of mild salinization is relatively uniform. The plaque effect of saline-alkali spot decreased from the outside of the spot. However, there was no significant difference in patch effect of saline-alkali spots with different salinization degree at the same sampling site. (2) the percentage of soil silt in different salinization degree was larger than that of sand and clay. The grain composition of patch soil profile which is not affected by salt is not obvious. The soil texture of this kind of patch is mainly clay loam, light, medium, heavy, the average content of silt in salt soil is more than 50%. The percentage of saline-alkali spot powder reached 62.64, and the sand decreased gradually. (3) the pH value of each saline-alkali spot soil was 8, and the pH value of severe salinization soil was the highest. The pH value of saline-alkali spot soil with mild and moderate salinization was the lowest. The coefficient of variation is small, which belongs to the level of weak variation and moderate variation, the maximum coefficient of variation is only 1.43 times of the minimum coefficient of variation, and the range of soil pH in all salinization types of saline-alkali spot profile is not significant. The correlation between saline-alkali spot salt and texture was: from sand, silt to clay, the correlation between saline-alkali spot salt and texture was significantly negative correlation to significant positive correlation. The correlation between saline-alkali spot salinity and soil pH in different salinization degrees was as follows: mild salinization saline-alkali spot had a correlation with patch that was not affected by salt content, that is, soil texture and pH value had become important influencing factors of saline-alkali spot salt accumulation. The results can provide basic data and improvement ideas for the comprehensive treatment of saline-alkali spots in oasis farmland.
【學位授予單位】：新疆農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S156.4

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