【摘要】：為了系統(tǒng)研究南方丘陵區(qū)紅壤氮磷養(yǎng)分活化程度對長期施肥和玉米連作模式的響應(yīng)規(guī)律,研究選取江西進(jìn)賢紅壤旱地雙季玉米長期試驗(yàn)的不施肥(CK)、氮肥(N)、磷肥(P)、氮磷配施(NP)、氮磷鉀配施(NPK)、2倍氮磷鉀配施(HNPK)和氮磷鉀肥與有機(jī)肥配施(NPKOM)等處理,分析其27a內(nèi)(1986—2013年)土壤全氮、堿解氮、全磷、有效磷和氮磷活化度的時間序列變化,并研究了土壤氮磷的增加速率以及土壤有機(jī)碳與氮磷活化度的相互關(guān)系。結(jié)果表明,各處理對氮磷活化度的提升效果存在明顯差異。試驗(yàn)27a間,施氮處理對氮活化度的提升效果在60.25%~105.35%之間,以NPK處理為最高,HNPK和NPKOM次之;施磷處理對磷活化度的提升效果在2.29~15.40倍之間,以NPKOM處理為最高,HNPK和P處理次之。NPKOM處理對堿解氮和速效磷的提升作用在所有處理中均為最高。施肥處理提升氮磷活化度的主要原因是提升了堿解氮和有效磷。與試驗(yàn)前相比,連續(xù)27a施肥后,NPKOM處理的土壤全氮和全磷僅增加了25.02%和145.16%,而堿解氮和全磷則分別增加了131.46%和38.39倍,導(dǎo)致氮磷活化度分別增加了85.14%和15.40倍。土壤氮活化度與土壤有機(jī)碳不存在線性關(guān)系,而磷活化度則表現(xiàn)出隨土壤有機(jī)碳含量增加而逐漸增加的趨勢,且土壤有機(jī)碳含量與磷素活化度呈顯著的正相關(guān)關(guān)系(R~2=0.264 1,P0.05)。因此,在紅壤旱地雙季玉米種植模式中,有機(jī)無機(jī)肥配施是提升土壤氮磷養(yǎng)分含量和氮磷活化度的重要措施,磷的活化程度明顯高于氮,但速效氮磷養(yǎng)分的大幅增加也可能導(dǎo)致環(huán)境風(fēng)險。
[Abstract]:In order to systematically study the response of nitrogen and phosphorus activation degree of red soil to long-term fertilization and continuous cropping model of maize in southern hilly region, the long-term experiment of non-fertilizing (CK), nitrogen fertilizer (N), was carried out in Jinxian red soil upland maize in Jiangxi Province. Phosphorus fertilizer, (P), nitrogen, phosphorus, (NP), nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and (NPK), 2 times N, P, K, (HNPK), N, P, K and organic fertilizer, (NPKOM) and so on, were used to analyze soil total nitrogen, alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen and total phosphorus in 27 years (1986-2013). The time series changes of the active degree of available phosphorus and nitrogen and phosphorus were studied, and the increasing rate of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil and the relationship between soil organic carbon and nitrogen and phosphorus activation were studied. The results showed that the effects of different treatments on the activation of nitrogen and phosphorus were significantly different. During the experiment 27 years, the effect of nitrogen application on nitrogen activation was between 60.25% and 105.35%, with NPK treatment being the highest, HNPK and NPKOM taking the second place. The effect of phosphorus application on phosphorus activation was between 2.29 and 15.40 times, with NPKOM treatment as the highest, HNPK and P treatment as the second. NPKOM treatment had the highest promotion effect on alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and rapidly available phosphorus in all treatments. The main reason for increasing the activity of nitrogen and phosphorus under fertilization treatment was that the alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus were increased. Compared with that before the experiment, the total nitrogen and total phosphorus of NPKOM treatment increased only 25.02% and 145.16%, while the alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and total phosphorus increased 131.46% and 38.39 times, respectively. The activity of nitrogen and phosphorus increased by 85.14% and 15.40 times respectively. There was no linear relationship between soil nitrogen activation and soil organic carbon, but phosphorus activation showed a trend of increasing with the increase of soil organic carbon content, and there was a significant positive correlation between soil organic carbon content and phosphorus activation degree. P0.05). Therefore, the combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers is an important measure to improve the nitrogen and phosphorus content and the activation degree of nitrogen and phosphorus in the model of double cropping maize planting in the upland of red soil, and the activation degree of phosphorus is obviously higher than that of nitrogen. However, the significant increase of available nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients may also lead to environmental risks.
【作者單位】： 國家紅壤改良工程技術(shù)研究中心/江西省紅壤研究所;
【基金】：公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專項(xiàng)經(jīng)費(fèi)(201203030) 江西省科技支撐計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(20141BBF60050) 國家科技支撐計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2011BAD41B01) 國家重點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃(973計(jì)劃)子課題項(xiàng)目(2011CB100501)
【分類號】：S156.6;S513
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本文編號：2314766