發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-01 17:35

【摘要】：對(duì)于我國(guó)西北干旱和半干旱地區(qū),土地資源豐富,光照充足,但是水資源十分貧乏,為解決西北干旱地區(qū)水資源缺乏,國(guó)家興建了許多揚(yáng)水灌區(qū),但隨著大量水的調(diào)入,引起了如地下水位上升及土壤次生鹽堿化等許多生態(tài)環(huán)境問(wèn)題。因此,開(kāi)展干旱揚(yáng)水灌溉區(qū)域的田間水分運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律及地下水位動(dòng)態(tài)研究對(duì)灌區(qū)水資源的科學(xué)管理和土地資源的可持續(xù)開(kāi)發(fā)利用有著重要意義。本文以景電灌區(qū)為研究區(qū),采取現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)查的方法收集了灌區(qū)的氣象、灌溉、作物、土壤及地下水資料,通過(guò)Hydrus-1D軟件模擬研究田間土壤水分動(dòng)態(tài)規(guī)律,利用灌區(qū)灌溉試驗(yàn)站得出的土壤含水率對(duì)模型進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,確定了模擬的合理性和準(zhǔn)確性,根據(jù)模型模擬結(jié)果得到了田間土壤含水率、蒸散發(fā)、滲漏及水量平衡變化規(guī)律;再通過(guò)多年的監(jiān)測(cè)資料得出了區(qū)域地下水動(dòng)態(tài)變化,結(jié)合M-K檢驗(yàn)法和R/S分析法研究了地下水位變化趨勢(shì),得出以下結(jié)論:(1)根據(jù)Hydrus-1D的土壤水分運(yùn)動(dòng)模擬結(jié)果表明:土壤含水率與土壤深度有關(guān),越深層的土壤含水率越高,在灌溉后各層土壤含水率均會(huì)大幅提升,降雨只對(duì)50cm及以上土層有影響;一個(gè)玉米生育周期內(nèi)土壤水補(bǔ)給來(lái)源為降雨和灌溉,總計(jì)953.7mm,土壤水消耗項(xiàng)為蒸散和深層滲漏,總計(jì)875.8mm,蒸散量占土壤水總補(bǔ)給量的50.7%,滲漏量占土壤水總補(bǔ)給量的41.1%,土壤水分儲(chǔ)量變化為77.9mm,占土壤水總補(bǔ)給量的8.2%。(2)地下水淺埋區(qū)土壤表層含水率與深埋區(qū)較為一致,底層土壤含水率受灌溉和地下水影響變化較大;由于地下水會(huì)補(bǔ)給土壤水,故田間蒸散量會(huì)增加,地下水淺埋區(qū)的土壤水與地下水存在頻繁的相互交換關(guān)系,在灌溉時(shí),灌溉水通過(guò)入滲作用補(bǔ)給地下水,在無(wú)灌溉時(shí),由于土壤蒸發(fā)和作物蒸騰導(dǎo)致的毛細(xì)作用會(huì)引起地下水補(bǔ)給土壤水。(3)經(jīng)過(guò)多年的提水灌溉,景電灌區(qū)各處地下水水位均有提升,匯水聚鹽帶的地下水位上升最明顯,20年來(lái)提高了13米,并已露出地表;溶質(zhì)運(yùn)移帶的下水位受匯水聚鹽帶地下水位抬升的影響,也有所上升;灌溉入滲帶和潛水排泄帶的地下水位雖然處于波動(dòng)狀態(tài),但因補(bǔ)給量與排泄量相對(duì)平衡,所以整體地下水位處于相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的狀態(tài)。研究結(jié)果可作為景電灌區(qū)灌溉水優(yōu)化配置及地下水合理利用等方面的理論依據(jù),對(duì)維護(hù)灌區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境穩(wěn)定具有重要意義。
[Abstract]:For arid and semi-arid areas in northwest China, land resources are abundant and light is sufficient, but water resources are very poor. In order to solve the shortage of water resources in arid areas of northwest China, the state has built many irrigation areas with raising water, but with the transfer of a large amount of water, It has caused many ecological environmental problems, such as the rise of groundwater level and the secondary salinization of soil. Therefore, it is of great significance for the scientific management of water resources and the sustainable development and utilization of land resources to carry out the research on field water movement and groundwater level dynamics in arid water raising irrigation areas. In this paper, the meteorological, irrigation, crop, soil and groundwater data of the irrigated area were collected by the method of field investigation, and the dynamic laws of soil moisture in the field were simulated by Hydrus-1D software. The model was verified by the soil moisture content obtained from irrigation experimental station in irrigation district, and the rationality and accuracy of the simulation were determined. According to the simulation results, the variation rules of soil moisture content, evapotranspiration, leakage and water balance in the field were obtained. Based on the monitoring data for many years, the regional groundwater dynamic change is obtained, and the trend of groundwater table change is studied by using M-K test method and R / S analysis method. The conclusions are as follows: (1) according to the simulation results of soil moisture movement of Hydrus-1D, the soil moisture content is related to the depth of soil, the deeper the soil moisture content is, the higher the soil moisture content will be after irrigation. Rainfall only affects 50cm and above soil layer. In a maize growing period, the source of soil water supply was rainfall and irrigation, the total amount of soil water consumption was evapotranspiration and deep leakage, the total amount of soil water supply was 875.8 mm, and the evapotranspiration accounted for 50.7 mm of the total soil water supply. The leakage amount accounts for 41.1% of the total recharge of soil water, and the change of soil water reserve is 77.9 mm, accounting for 8.2% of the total amount of soil water supply. (2) the soil surface water content in shallow groundwater area is consistent with that in deep buried area. The water content of the bottom soil is influenced by irrigation and groundwater. Since groundwater recharge soil water, the field evapotranspiration will increase, and there is a frequent exchange relationship between soil water and groundwater in shallow groundwater area. During irrigation, irrigation water recharge groundwater through infiltration, when irrigation is not irrigated, The capillary action caused by soil evaporation and crop transpiration will cause groundwater to recharge soil water. (3) after years of water raising irrigation, the groundwater level in Jingdian irrigation area has been raised, and the groundwater level in the catchment salt belt is the most obvious. It has been raised by 13 metres in 20 years and has been exposed to the surface of the earth; The lower water level of the solute transport belt is affected by the uplift of the groundwater level in the catchment salt belt, and it also increases to some extent. Although the groundwater level in the irrigation infiltration zone and the submersible discharge zone is in a fluctuating state, the whole groundwater table is relatively stable because of the relative balance between the recharge and the discharge. The results can be used as the theoretical basis for optimal allocation of irrigation water and rational utilization of groundwater in Jingdian irrigation area. It is of great significance to maintain the stability of ecological environment in irrigation area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北水利水電大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S27;S152.7

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