【摘要】：本文以白菜為研究對象,通過復(fù)合肥和沼肥不同處理。測定白菜生物量、硝酸鹽含量、維C含量、總固體含量、揮發(fā)性固體含量、總糖和還原糖含量七個(gè)指標(biāo)來比較沼肥種植與化肥種植兩種肥源對白菜品質(zhì)的影響,以期得到沼肥施用種植白菜的施肥技術(shù);同時(shí)比較對土壤理化性質(zhì)的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:關(guān)于白菜的品質(zhì),對于白菜總固體含量和揮發(fā)性固體含量,沼肥組和復(fù)合肥組間沒有顯著性差異,不同施用量沼肥組間也不存在顯著性差異。在沼肥種植和復(fù)合肥兩種肥源種植間,各組生物量存在顯著性差異,沼肥種植組生物量均大于復(fù)合肥種植組生物量,B、C、D三組生物量含量相對于A組增加了12.37%、32.93%和34.93%。在設(shè)置不同的沼肥施用量組間,隨著沼肥施用量的增加,白菜生物量也呈增長的趨勢。施用沼肥組硝酸鹽含量相比于施用高復(fù)合肥組明顯降低,且各組間存在顯著性差異。施用沼肥B、C、D三組硝酸鹽含量相對于A組降低了64.6%、63.4%和51.5%。隨著施肥量的增加,硝酸鹽含量降低率在減少。當(dāng)D組生物量相比于C組只增加了1.5%時(shí),硝酸鹽含量大幅度增加了83.6%。硝酸鹽含量隨著施肥量的增加,呈增長趨勢。施肥量的過量會造成硝酸鹽累積,但其累計(jì)的硝酸鹽含量仍比復(fù)合肥A組低。相比于總糖和還原糖沼肥組與復(fù)合肥組、不同施用量組間均沒有顯著性差異,但沼肥種植組相對于復(fù)合肥A組都有增加。施用沼肥組維C含量均優(yōu)于施用高復(fù)合肥組,且B、C、D三組維C含量相對于A組增加35.89%、36.03%和19.77%;在不同沼肥施用組間,當(dāng)沼肥施用量達(dá)到一定值時(shí),維C含量的增長出現(xiàn)了降低。即D組維C含量小于了C組的維C含量,但D組維C含量仍比施用復(fù)合肥組白菜維C含量高。施用沼肥有利于白菜品質(zhì)的提高。施用沼肥C組在實(shí)現(xiàn)最大生物量的同時(shí),維C含量優(yōu)于復(fù)合肥組,且硝酸鹽含量降低幅度最大,是最有利于白菜品質(zhì)的施肥方法,最終確定為C組(全程沼液肥:基肥600mL,追肥分三次,定植15d后追施500mL,其后每10d追施600mL),作為沼肥種植白菜的施肥技術(shù)。關(guān)于土壤品質(zhì),短期內(nèi)采用不同肥源、不同施肥量,對土壤總氮、速效鉀、有效磷和揮發(fā)性固體含量沒有顯著性差異。連續(xù)兩次種植白菜,采用沼肥種植,土壤中總氮含量、速效鉀和有效磷含量的消耗沒有化肥種植消耗的多,沼肥能減緩?fù)寥乐锌偟�、速效鉀和有效磷的流�?對于種植前后土壤的揮發(fā)性固體含量,采用不同肥源,或是連續(xù)種植,各組間沒有顯著性差異及變化規(guī)律。
[Abstract]:In this paper, cabbage was treated with compound fertilizer and biogas fertilizer. The biomass, nitrate content, vitamin C content, total solid content, volatile solid content, total sugar and reducing sugar content of Chinese cabbage were measured to compare the effects of biogas fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on the quality of Chinese cabbage. In order to obtain the fertilization technology of biogas fertilizer applied to plant cabbage; At the same time, the effects on soil physical and chemical properties were compared. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the biogas fertilizer group and the compound fertilizer group for the total solid content and volatile solid content of Chinese cabbage, and there was no significant difference between the different application amount of biogas fertilizer group. There were significant differences in biomass between biogas fertilizer planting group and compound fertilizer group. The biomass of biogas fertilizer group was higher than that of compound fertilizer planting group, and the biomass content of group B _ (C) C _ (C) D increased 12.37 7% compared with A group. 32.93% and 34.93%. The biomass of Chinese cabbage increased with the increase of biogas fertilizer application rate. The nitrate content in the biogas fertilizer group was significantly lower than that in the high compound fertilizer group, and there were significant differences among the groups. Compared with group A, the nitrate content in group D decreased by 64.6% and 51.5% respectively. With the increase of fertilizer, nitrate content decreased. When the biomass of group D was only 1.5% higher than that of group C, nitrate content increased by 83.6%. Nitrate content increased with the increase of fertilization. The excessive amount of fertilizer could cause nitrate accumulation, but the accumulated nitrate content was still lower than that of compound fertilizer group A. Compared with the total sugar and reducing sugar biogas fertilizer group and the compound fertilizer group, there was no significant difference between the different application rate groups, but the biogas fertilizer planting group compared with the compound fertilizer group A increased. The content of vitamin C in the application of biogas fertilizer group was higher than that in the high compound fertilizer group, and the content of vitamin C in group B and C C D increased 35.8936.03% and 19.7777% compared with group A; When the amount of biogas fertilizer reached a certain value, the increase of vitamin C content decreased among different application groups of biogas fertilizer. The content of vitamin C in group D was lower than that in group C, but the content of vitamin C in group D was higher than that in group C. The application of biogas fertilizer is beneficial to the improvement of Chinese cabbage quality. When applying biogas fertilizer group C, the content of vitamin C was better than that of compound fertilizer group, and the nitrate content of group C was the most favorable to the quality of Chinese cabbage, which was determined as group C (total biogas fertilizer: basal fertilizer 600mL). Topdressing was divided into three stages, followed by application of 500mL after planting for 15 days and 600mL applied every 10 days thereafter, which was used as a fertilization technique for growing Chinese cabbage with biogas fertilizer. As for soil quality, there was no significant difference in soil total nitrogen, available potassium, available phosphorus and volatile solids by using different fertilizer sources and different fertilization amounts in a short period of time. The consumption of total nitrogen, available potassium and available phosphorus in soil was less than that in chemical fertilizer planting. Biogas fertilizer could slow down the loss of total nitrogen, available potassium and available phosphorus in soil. For the volatile solid content of soil before and after planting, there was no significant difference and change rule between different fertilizer sources or continuous planting.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S634.1;S156

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