【摘要】：番茄是世界性園藝作物,是設(shè)施園藝的主栽種類之一,隨著番茄種植面積逐年擴(kuò)大,連作栽培必不可少,因此連作障礙的問題便也隨之而來。目前,解決番茄連作障礙,尤其是番茄連作導(dǎo)致的根結(jié)線蟲病,嚴(yán)重制約了設(shè)施番茄產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展。由于連作引起的番茄根結(jié)線蟲病可使番茄減產(chǎn)45%-55%,嚴(yán)重時(shí)甚至絕產(chǎn)。已有研究表明添加作物秸稈能夠有效的降低根結(jié)線蟲病害的發(fā)生,但目前研究添加秸稈對番茄植株生長及對根結(jié)線蟲的影響研究并不多,目前利用根結(jié)線蟲的拮抗真菌防治根結(jié)線蟲也是一種防治手段,例如淡紫擬青霉作為防治根結(jié)線蟲病的生防菌防效較好,但其在土壤中難以長時(shí)間定殖,前人研究闡述添加合歡花、萬壽菊秸稈有利于淡紫擬青霉在土壤中的定殖。本文以番茄幼苗、番茄連作土為研究對象,采用盆栽試驗(yàn)的方式,研究外源添加6種不同作物秸稈(小麥、玉米、分蘗洋蔥、大蒜、萬壽菊、菊芋)對番茄連作土壤中番茄幼苗的生長及對土壤微生物的影響。試驗(yàn)采用常規(guī)方法研究了添加作物秸稈對番茄形態(tài)學(xué)指標(biāo)、生理指標(biāo)和發(fā)病率的影響;檢測土壤中南方根結(jié)線蟲的數(shù)量;應(yīng)用稀釋平板法測定不同處理植株根區(qū)淡紫擬青霉數(shù)量的變化;在實(shí)驗(yàn)室條件下,研究添加不同時(shí)期的秸稈土壤浸提液對淡紫擬青霉菌株生長的影響;采用高通量測序的方法研究添加不同作物秸稈對番茄連作土中土壤微生物群落組成及多樣性的變化的影響。結(jié)果表明:1添加不同作物秸稈對番茄植株的生長影響不同,玉米、分蘗洋蔥秸稈對番茄幼苗生長有促進(jìn)作用;大蒜秸稈對番茄幼苗生長有抑制作用。2添加不同作物秸稈處理能夠降低南方根結(jié)線蟲的病情指數(shù),其中大蒜秸稈、菊芋秸稈的防治效果最佳,防治率達(dá)76.32%。3添加不同作物秸稈能夠降低番茄連作土壤中的南方根結(jié)線蟲數(shù)量。4添加不同作物秸稈對淡紫擬青霉在番茄連作土壤中定殖具有促進(jìn)作用。5添加不同作物秸稈后的土壤浸提液,在組培條件下,能提高淡紫擬青霉產(chǎn)孢量,顯著增加淡紫擬青霉的生物量。6添加作物秸稈降低了番茄連作土中土壤真菌微生物的多樣性,對于細(xì)菌的微生物多樣性影響不大;添加作物秸稈改變了微生物的群落結(jié)構(gòu),PCA結(jié)果顯示,添加作物秸稈處理與對照處理在群落組成上具有明顯區(qū)分。7在屬水平下,添加作物秸稈處理中與根系根結(jié)數(shù)呈顯著正相關(guān)的真菌數(shù)量低于對照處理,呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)的真菌數(shù)量高于對照處理。
[Abstract]:Tomato is a worldwide horticultural crop, which is one of the main planting species in protected horticulture. With the increasing of tomato planting area, continuous cropping is indispensable, so the problem of continuous cropping obstacle also follows. At present, solving the obstacle of tomato continuous cropping, especially root knot nematode caused by continuous cropping of tomato, seriously restricted the development of tomato industry. Tomato root knot nematode caused by continuous cropping can reduce the yield of tomato 45-55 and even eliminate the yield. Previous studies have shown that crop straw can effectively reduce the occurrence of root knot nematode disease, but there are few studies on the effects of straw on tomato plant growth and root knot nematodes. At present, antagonistic fungi of root-knot nematodes are also used to control root-knot nematodes. For example, Penicillium lilacinus has a better biological and control effect on root-knot nematode, but it is difficult to colonize in soil for a long time. Previous studies have shown that adding Albizias and stalks of marigold is beneficial to the colonization of Paecilomyces lilacinus in soil. In this paper, tomato seedling and tomato continuous cropping soil were used as the research object, and the pot experiment was used to study the addition of 6 different crop stalks (wheat, corn, tiller onion, garlic, marigold). The effect of Jerusalem artichoke on the growth of tomato seedlings and soil microorganism in tomato continuous cropping. The effects of crop straw on the morphological index, physiological index and incidence of tomato were studied by conventional method, and the number of root-knot nematodes in soil was detected. The changes of the number of Penicillium lilacinus in the root zone of different treatments were determined by dilution plate method, and the effects of adding straw soil extract at different stages on the growth of Penicillium lilacinus were studied under laboratory conditions. The effects of different crop stalks on the composition and diversity of soil microbial community in tomato continuous cropping soil were studied by high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that: 1 different crop straw had different effects on the growth of tomato plants, maize and tiller onion stalks could promote the growth of tomato seedlings; The growth of tomato seedlings was inhibited by garlic straw. 2 the disease index of southern root knot nematode could be reduced by adding different crop straw, among which garlic straw and Jerusalem artichoke straw had the best control effect. The control rate of 76.32.3 and different crop straw could reduce the number of southern root knot nematodes in tomato continuous cropping soil. 4 addition of different crop straw could promote colonization of Paecilomyces lilacinus in tomato continuous cropping soil. Soil extract after straw, Under the condition of tissue culture, the spore production of Penicillium lilacinus was increased, and the biomass of Penicillium lilacinus was significantly increased. 6 the addition of crop straw decreased the microbial diversity of soil fungi in tomato continuous cropping soil, but had little effect on the microbial diversity of bacteria. The community structure of microorganism was changed by adding crop straw. The results of PCA showed that the community composition of crop straw treatment and control treatment was obviously different from that of control treatment. The number of fungi with significant positive correlation with root nodule number was lower than that of control treatment, and the number of fungi with significant negative correlation was higher than that of control treatment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S641.2;S154.3

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本文編號(hào)：2281418