發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-12 15:06

【摘要】：美國(guó)白蛾是我國(guó)重要的外來(lái)入侵害蟲(chóng),在北方地區(qū)嚴(yán)重為害園林樹(shù)木、經(jīng)濟(jì)林、農(nóng)田防護(hù)林等。利用白蛾周氏嚙小蜂防治美國(guó)白蛾已在多地實(shí)施并取得較好的防效,迄今,對(duì)白蛾周氏嚙小蜂的應(yīng)用研究開(kāi)展得較多,但對(duì)白蛾周氏嚙小蜂的行為生態(tài)學(xué)研究甚少。本研究旨在解析補(bǔ)充營(yíng)養(yǎng)、溫度、體型大小、寄生經(jīng)歷和雌蜂競(jìng)爭(zhēng)等因素如何影響雌蜂的產(chǎn)卵行為,為認(rèn)識(shí)嚙小蜂生殖行為的生適應(yīng)性和室內(nèi)大規(guī)模繁蜂提供參考依據(jù)。本研究獲得以下主要結(jié)果和結(jié)論。1.接蜂量和寄主體型大小對(duì)白蛾周氏嚙小蜂產(chǎn)卵決策行為的影響采用接蜂數(shù)量和寄主柞蠶蛹體型大小等2因素析因?qū)嶒?yàn)設(shè)計(jì),設(shè)置接蜂30、50、70、100、130、150和180頭等7個(gè)處理水平,寄主體重選擇從輕到重的連續(xù)變化水平作為連續(xù)自變量。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),隨著接蜂量增加,寄生蜂的出蜂量增大,后代中雄蜂比例增大;不同接蜂量之間子代蜂的體型大小差異顯著,子代蜂體型隨接蜂量增大而減小;在同一接蜂量下,隨寄主體重增大,子代蜂的出蜂量和體型大小均不同程度增大。本研究結(jié)果說(shuō)明,白蛾周氏嚙小蜂雌蜂可根據(jù)寄主體型大小和雌蜂密度調(diào)節(jié)性比和窩卵數(shù)等產(chǎn)卵決策。2.母蜂競(jìng)爭(zhēng)經(jīng)歷和寄主體型大小對(duì)白蛾周氏嚙小蜂產(chǎn)卵決策行為的影響設(shè)計(jì)有、無(wú)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)等2個(gè)水平處理雌蜂,以美國(guó)白蛾蛹為寄主,觀察子代蜂性比、出蜂量和成蟲(chóng)壽命等生物學(xué)特性。研究表明,母蜂具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)經(jīng)歷使后代中雄蜂比例增大,但對(duì)子代蜂出蜂量和成蟲(chóng)壽命沒(méi)有影響;對(duì)于同一處理的寄生蜂而言,隨寄主體重增大,后代壽命變長(zhǎng)、出蜂量增多。本研究結(jié)果說(shuō)明,競(jìng)爭(zhēng)經(jīng)歷影響白蛾周氏嚙小蜂性比分配產(chǎn)卵決策。3.溫度和寄主體型大小對(duì)白蛾周氏嚙小蜂產(chǎn)卵決策行為的影響設(shè)置20℃、25℃和30℃等3個(gè)溫度水平和寄主美國(guó)白蛾蛹體重連續(xù)變化的多梯度水平等因素處理,觀察白蛾周氏嚙小蜂的子代發(fā)育歷期、出蜂量和性比。研究結(jié)果表明,子代發(fā)育歷期隨溫度升高而縮短;出蜂量在25℃時(shí)最多,30℃次之,20℃出蜂量最少;20℃處理下子代蜂雌蜂比例最大,25℃次之,30℃最小。同一溫度條件下,隨寄主體重增加,雄蜂比例增加、出蜂量增大,但子代蜂發(fā)育歷期沒(méi)有變化。研究結(jié)果說(shuō)明,25 ℃是繁殖白蛾周氏嚙小蜂的最適溫度。4.補(bǔ)充營(yíng)養(yǎng)、溫度和母蜂體型大小對(duì)白蛾周氏嚙小蜂壽命的影響本研究采用析因設(shè)計(jì),以柞蠶蛹為寄主,觀察了雌蜂體型大小(2水平)、補(bǔ)充營(yíng)養(yǎng)(2水平)和溫度(3水平)等3因素對(duì)白蛾周氏嚙小蜂成蟲(chóng)壽命的影響。生存回歸模型分析表明,雌蜂體型大小、補(bǔ)充營(yíng)養(yǎng)和溫度等3因素互作顯著影響白蛾周氏嚙小蜂成蟲(chóng)的存活率,在不同雌蜂體型大小與補(bǔ)充營(yíng)養(yǎng)因素組合處理下,白蛾周氏嚙小蜂成蟲(chóng)存活率受溫度的顯著影響,溫度越高,存活率下降越早。不同體型與補(bǔ)充營(yíng)養(yǎng)處理下周氏嚙小蜂成蟲(chóng)壽命在不同溫度處理之間均存在顯著差異,其中,20℃時(shí)成蜂壽命顯著大于25℃,后者又顯著大于30℃處理。本研究結(jié)果說(shuō)明,溫度、補(bǔ)充營(yíng)養(yǎng)和雌蜂體型大小等3因素不僅直接、而且間接影響白蛾周氏嚙小蜂成蟲(chóng)的壽命。
[Abstract]:White moth of the United States is an important alien invasive pest in China, which seriously damage garden trees, economic forests, farmland shelterbelts and so on in northern areas. The prevention and treatment of white moth in white moth has been carried out in many places and has achieved good anti-effect. So far, the research on the application of the white moth periphyta has been carried out more, but the research on the behavior ecology of the white moth is very little. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors such as supplementing nutrition, temperature, body size, parasitism and female bee competition. The following main findings and conclusions are obtained in this study. 1. The number of bees and the size of host body were determined by the number of bees and the size of the host's pupa. The number of bees and the size of the host's pupal size were used to design and set seven processing levels of 30, 50, 70, 100, 130, 150 and 180 first, respectively. The host body weight selection was taken as a continuous variable from light to heavy continuous change levels. It was found that with the increase of the number of bees, the number of bees in the parasitoid was increased, and the proportion of male bees in the offspring increased; the size of the offspring of the offspring of different numbers of bees was significantly different, and the size of the offspring was decreased with the increase of the number of bees; in the same amount of bee, the weight of the host increased with the weight of the host. The number of beeps and the size of the offspring were increased in different degrees. According to the results of this study, the female honeybee of the white moth was able to lay eggs according to the size of the host, the ratio of the density of female bees and the number of eggs, etc. The effects of female bee competition and host size on the egg-laying decision-making behaviors were designed, without competition and so on, and the biological characteristics such as bee pupa of the progeny, the number of bees and the life span of the adult were observed. The results showed that the female bee had a competitive experience to increase the proportion of male bees in the offspring, but had no influence on the number of beeps and the longevity of the adults; for the same treated parasitoids, the longevity of the offspring became longer and the number of bees increased with the increase of the weight of the host. The results of this study indicate that the competition experience influenced the distribution and oviposition decision-making of the white moth periodiorite. The effects of temperature and host body size on the egg-laying decision-making behavior were set up at 20 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2266589