【摘要】：鋁是地殼中含量最豐富的金屬元素。由于林地土壤酸化等環(huán)境因素的影響,使本來固定在森林土壤中的鋁溶出而成為活性鋁,對森林植物的潛在毒性增加。酸性土壤中活性鋁對陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的潛在毒性是20世紀(jì)70年代蔓延中歐的森林退化的主要因素之一,從而引起了各國的高度重視。開展森林土壤-植物系統(tǒng)鋁毒害的研究,對森林資源保護(hù)和鋁毒的評估及防治具有重要意義。本文綜述了森林土壤中鋁的化學(xué)形態(tài)及其分布、鋁在森林植物中的積累和存在形態(tài)以及對森林植物的生長、生理生化進(jìn)程、遺傳因子的影響等方面的研究進(jìn)展。此外,還從控制酸化進(jìn)程、添加鹽基離子、控制根際有機(jī)酸、接種菌根真菌、選擇適當(dāng)?shù)闹参镱愋秃突旖环N植等方面介紹了減緩森林鋁毒害的措施。在此基礎(chǔ)上,本文從鋁危害的閾值研究和鋁毒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估、鋁的亞細(xì)胞分布和化學(xué)形態(tài)與鋁毒關(guān)系研究、減緩鋁毒的新措施等方面提出了需進(jìn)一步開展研究的方向。
[Abstract]:Aluminum is the most abundant metal element in the crust. Due to the influence of soil acidification and other environmental factors, aluminum which was fixed in forest soil was dissolved into active aluminum, and the potential toxicity to forest plants increased. The potential toxicity of active aluminum to terrestrial ecosystems in acidic soils is one of the main factors of forest degradation spreading in Central Europe in the 1970s, which has attracted great attention of all countries. The study of aluminum toxicity in forest soil-plant system is of great significance to the protection of forest resources and the assessment and control of aluminum toxicity. In this paper, the chemical forms and distribution of aluminum in forest soil, the accumulation and existing forms of aluminum in forest plants, and the effects on the growth, physiological and biochemical processes and genetic factors of forest plants were reviewed. In addition, the measures of reducing forest aluminum toxicity were introduced from the aspects of controlling acidification process, adding base ions, controlling rhizosphere organic acids, inoculating mycorrhizal fungi, selecting appropriate plant types and mixed planting, etc. On this basis, this paper puts forward the direction of further research on the threshold value of aluminum toxicity, the risk assessment of aluminum toxicity, the relationship between subcellular distribution and chemical form of aluminum and aluminum toxicity, and the new measures to reduce aluminum toxicity.
【作者單位】： 福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)資源與環(huán)境學(xué)院;福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(31370609)資助
【分類號(hào)】：S714
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本文編號(hào)：2266493