【摘要】：本研究以化感效應(yīng)為切入點(diǎn),以山東省寧陽縣高橋林場連作楊樹人工林為研究對象,采用田間施肥與室內(nèi)培養(yǎng)相結(jié)合的方法,對施加15N標(biāo)記的銨態(tài)氮肥后楊樹人工林土壤硝化作用中氮素的遷移與轉(zhuǎn)化進(jìn)行定量研究,以闡明楊樹人工林土壤氮素有效性的變化規(guī)律,揭示酚酸類化感物質(zhì)對連作楊樹人工林土壤氮素循環(huán)的中心環(huán)節(jié)——硝化作用的影響機(jī)制,以期進(jìn)一步完善人工林連作障礙產(chǎn)生機(jī)制的理論體系。1野外定位連作楊樹人工林試驗(yàn)林的研究結(jié)果表明:(1)楊樹人工林土壤中酚酸總量呈現(xiàn)II代根際I代根際II代非根際I代非根際。(2)在同一林地的根際土和非根際土中,根際土壤中銨態(tài)氮和硝態(tài)氮的變化速率及硝化活性均顯著大于非根際土;與氮素?fù)p失有關(guān)的羥胺還原酶和亞硝酸還原酶在根際與非根際土中沒有顯著差異,而硝酸還原酶活性在根際與非根際土壤中呈顯著差異。(3)在不同林分中,銨態(tài)氮和硝態(tài)氮的含量及其變化速率、土壤硝化活性的變化均表明連作人工林土壤酚酸的累積導(dǎo)致土壤中銨態(tài)氮向硝態(tài)氮轉(zhuǎn)化的微生物活性下降,轉(zhuǎn)化速率減小,導(dǎo)致轉(zhuǎn)化量減少,楊樹人工林連作對土壤硝化作用產(chǎn)生了抑制性。同時(shí),在硝化過程中,連作對羥胺還原酶、硝酸還原酶和亞硝酸還原酶的活性幾乎沒有影響,對氮損失也幾乎沒有影響,但是有加速氮損失的趨勢。2向楊樹人工林I代林非根際土添加梯度外源酚酸的室內(nèi)研究結(jié)果表明:隨著酚酸濃度的增加,硝態(tài)氮的累積漸近值和銨態(tài)氮的消耗漸近值逐漸減小,硝化微生物的硝化活性逐漸降低,對硝化作用產(chǎn)生抑制。同時(shí)隨著酚酸濃度的提高,土壤中硝酸還原酶的活性加強(qiáng),使土壤中的N素?fù)p失量增大。3通過對連作楊樹人工林和梯度酚酸作用下硝化進(jìn)程研究,可以得出這樣的結(jié)論:酚酸一方面通過抑制硝化微生物的活性,影響銨態(tài)氮向硝態(tài)氮的轉(zhuǎn)化,抑制硝化作用的進(jìn)行;另一方面促進(jìn)了與反硝化作用有關(guān)的硝酸還原酶活性,使氮素的氣態(tài)損失增加,土壤中氮素“庫”源含量下降,使楊樹可吸收利用的氮素減少,林分生產(chǎn)力下降。
[Abstract]:In this study, allelopathy effect was taken as the starting point, and continuous poplar plantation in Gaoqiao Forest Farm, Ningyang County, Shandong Province was used as the research object. The method of combining field fertilization with indoor cultivation was adopted. The transfer and transformation of nitrogen in soil nitrification of poplar plantation were studied quantitatively after applying 15N-labeled ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, in order to elucidate the change rule of soil nitrogen availability in poplar plantation. The effects of phenolic acid allelopathy on nitrification in soil nitrogen cycle of continuous cropping poplar plantation were revealed. In order to further improve the mechanism of continuous cropping obstacle in artificial forest. 1. The results of field study on continuous cropping poplar plantation showed that: (1) the total amount of phenolic acid in soil of poplar plantation showed II generation I rhizosphere II generation. Non-rhizosphere I generation non-rhizosphere. (2) in the rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil of the same forest land, The rate of change and nitrification activity of ammonium and nitrate in rhizosphere soil were significantly higher than those in non-rhizosphere soil, but there was no significant difference between rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil of hydroxylamine reductase and nitrite reductase related to nitrogen loss. However, nitrate reductase activity was significantly different in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil. (3) the content and change rate of ammonium and nitrate in different stands. The change of soil nitrification activity indicated that the accumulation of phenolic acid in soil of continuous cropping plantation resulted in the decrease of microbial activity in the transformation of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen, the decrease of transformation rate, and the decrease of transformation amount. Continuous cropping of poplar plantation inhibited soil nitrification. At the same time, during nitrification, the activities of hydroxylamine reductase, nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase were almost not affected by continuous cropping, and the loss of nitrogen was hardly affected. But there was a tendency of accelerating nitrogen loss. 2. The results of laboratory study on adding gradient exogenous phenolic acid to non-rhizosphere soil of poplar plantation indicated that the cumulative asymptotic value of nitrate nitrogen and the asymptotic value of consumption of ammonium nitrogen gradually decreased with the increase of phenolic acid concentration. The nitrification activity of nitrifying microorganism decreased gradually and inhibited nitrification. At the same time, with the increase of phenolic acid concentration, the activity of nitrate reductase in soil was strengthened, and the amount of N loss in soil increased by 3. 3. The nitrification process under the action of continuous cropping poplar plantation and gradient phenolic acid was studied. It can be concluded that phenolic acid, on the one hand, inhibits nitrification by inhibiting the activity of nitrifying microorganisms, and inhibits nitrification, on the other hand, promotes nitrate reductase activity related to denitrification. The gas loss of nitrogen was increased, the nitrogen "sink" content in soil decreased, the nitrogen uptake and utilization of poplar decreased, and the stand productivity decreased.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S792.11;S714.2

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